ReviewDeutsches Arzteblatt international2009
Hand hygiene for the prevention of nosocomial infections.
Review in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Promoting Hand Hygiene Compliance: PSYGIENE—a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial of Tailored InterventionsDeutsches Arzteblatt international · 2017Trial
- Characterization of hospital and community-acquired respiratory syncytial virus in children with severe lower respiratory tract infections in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 2010.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2015Trial
- Artificial intelligence for improving decision-making in bacterial infection management: a narrative review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial and anti-virulent efficacies of melanin, and risk factors associated withFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs, and practices among healthcare professionals in the primary healthcare centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Article
- Consensus-Based Guidelines for Best Practices in the Selection and Use of Examination Gloves in Healthcare Settings.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Multimodal strategies to hand hygiene in Ghanaian hospitals: a cross-sectional study in the Eastern Region of Ghana.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Workflows and locations matter - insights from electronic hand hygiene monitoring into the use of hand rub dispensers across diverse hospital wards.Infection prevention in practice · 2024Article
- Commentary by the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO) on the indication-based use of disposable medical gloves in the healthcare sector.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Article
- S2k-Guideline hand antisepsis and hand hygiene.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Article
- Can the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence assay be used as an indicator for hospital cleaning? - A pilot study.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Article
- Medical Students' and Radiology Technician Trainees' eHealth Literacy and Hygiene Awareness-Asynchronous and Synchronous Digital Hand Hygiene Training in a Single-Center Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Rationale and guidance for strengthening infection prevention and control measures and antimicrobial stewardship programs in Bangladesh: a study protocol.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Ethanol is indispensable for virucidal hand antisepsis: memorandum from the alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) Task Force, WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, and the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Review
- Identifying Targets for Antibiotic Use for the Management of Carbapenem-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Knowledge and perception of hand hygiene: A survey using WHO standardized tools in Tehran, Iran.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2022Article
- Hand Hygiene Evaluation Using Two Different Evaluation Tools and Hand Contamination of Veterinary Healthcare Workers in a Swiss Companion Animal Clinic.Veterinary sciences · 2021Article
- Effects of patient room layout on viral accruement on healthcare professionals' hands.Indoor air · 2021Article
- An exploratory qualitative study of caregivers' knowledge, perceptions and practices related to hospital hygiene in rural Niger.Infection prevention in practice · 2021Article
- Transmission Chains of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae at the Companion Animal Veterinary Clinic-Household Interface.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe WHO regards hand hygiene as an essential tool for the prevention of nosocomial infection, but compliance in clinical practice is often low.
methodsThe relevant scientific literature and national and international evidence-based recommendations (Robert Koch Institute [Germany], WHO) were evaluated.
resultsHygienic hand disinfection has better antimicrobial efficacy than hand-washing and is the procedure of choice to be performed before and after manual contact with patients. The hands should be washed, rather than disinfected, only when they are visibly soiled. Skin irritation is quite common among healthcare workers and is mainly caused by water, soap, and prolonged wearing of gloves. Compliance can be improved by training, by placing hand-rub dispensers at the sites where they are needed, and by physicians setting a good example for others.
conclusionsImproved compliance in hand hygiene, with proper use of alcohol-based hand rubs, can reduce the nosocomial infection rate by as much as 40%.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.