ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Cell physiology2010
Shockwaves increase T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression through ATP release, P2X7 receptors, and FAK activation.
Article in American journal of physiology. Cell physiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review on Working Mechanisms of Signaling Pathways in Fibrosis During Shockwave Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Extracorporeal shockwave therapy in spinal cord injury, early to advance to clinical trials? A systematic review and meta-analysis on animal studies.The neuroradiology journal · 2021Pooled it
- The Efficacy of Focused Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Ultrasound Therapy in the Treatment of Calcar Calcanei: A Randomized Study.BioMed research international · 2023Trial
- Shock wave treatment enhances cell proliferation and improves wound healing by ATP release-coupled extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Trial
- Mechanisms of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in burn scar repair: Advances in immunoactivation-based scar remodeling research.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Purinergic receptors play a key role in shock wave-induced proliferation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Role of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Mediated F-Actin in the Acupuncture-Induced Mitigation of Inflammatory Pain in Arthritic Rats.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- ATP purinergic receptor signalling promotes Sca-1Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Article
- New Frontiers of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Medicine in Urology from Bench to Clinical Studies.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Article
- Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on keratinocytes derived from human hypertrophic scars.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Immunogenic Cell Death: A Step Ahead of Autophagy in Cancer Therapy.Journal of cancer immunology · 2021Article
- Involvement of P2 receptors in hematopoiesis and hematopoietic disorders, and as pharmacological targets.Purinergic signalling · 2020Review
- Article
- P2X7 in Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- The yin and yang functions of extracellular ATP and adenosine in tumor immunity.Cancer cell international · 2020Review
- Adenosine Triphosphate Release and P2 Receptor Signaling in Piezo1 Channel-Dependent Mechanoregulation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- Cell culture: complications due to mechanical release of ATP and activation of purinoceptors.Cell and tissue research · 2017Review
- The mTOR-FAK mechanotransduction signaling axis for focal adhesion maturation and cell proliferation.American journal of translational research · 2017Article
- Effect of Acupotomy on FAK-PI3K Signaling Pathways in KOA Rabbit Articular Cartilages.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Shockwaves elicited by transient pressure disturbances are used to treat musculoskeletal disorders. Previous research has shown that shockwave treatment affects T-cell function, enhancing T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Here we investigated the signaling pathway by which shockwaves mediate p38 MAPK phosphorylation. We found that shockwaves at an intensity of 0.18 mJ/mm(2) induce the release of extracellular ATP from human Jurkat T-cells at least in part by affecting cell viability. ATP released into the extracellular space stimulates P2X7-type purinergic receptors that induce the activation of p38 MAPK and of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) by phosphorylation on residues Tyr397 and Tyr576/577. Elimination of released ATP with apyrase or inhibition of P2X7 receptors with the antagonists KN-62 or suramin significantly weakens FAK phosphorylation, p38 MAPK activation, IL-2 expression, and T-cell proliferation. Conversely, addition of exogenous ATP causes phosphorylation of FAK and p38 MAPK. Silencing of FAK expression also reduces these cell responses to shockwave treatment. We conclude that shockwaves enhance p38 MAPK activation, IL-2 expression, and T-cell proliferation via the release of cellular ATP and feedback mechanisms that involve P2X7 receptor activation and FAK phosphorylation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.