ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2009
Switch recombination and somatic hypermutation are controlled by the heavy chain 3' enhancer region.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Redundant mispair excision mechanisms in eukaryotic DNA mismatch repair.Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Review
- Beyond the Classical View: Early Emergence of Class Switch Recombination-Associated Molecular Features During B-Cell Development in the Bone Marrow.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Evolutive emergence and divergence of an Ig regulatory node: An environmental sensor getting cues from the aryl hydrocarbon receptor?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The Role of DNA Repair in Genomic Instability of Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Nurse shark T-cell receptors employ somatic hypermutation preferentially to alter alpha/delta variable segments associated with alpha constant region.European journal of immunology · 2020Article
- Transcription factor binding at Ig enhancers is linked to somatic hypermutation targeting.European journal of immunology · 2020Article
- Current insights into the mechanism of mammalian immunoglobulin class switch recombination.Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology · 2019Review
- 3'Oncotarget · 2018Article
- Article
- A licensing step links AID to transcription elongation for mutagenesis in B cells.Nature communications · 2018Article
- The IgH locus 3' cis-regulatory super-enhancer co-opts AID for allelic transvection.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- YY1 controls Eμ-3'RR DNA loop formation and immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch recombination.Blood advances · 2016Article
- Class-Switch Recombination in the Absence of the IgH 3' Regulatory Region.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Sequential activation and distinct functions for distal and proximal modules within the IgH 3' regulatory region.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Article
- Antibody diversification caused by disrupted mismatch repair and promiscuous DNA polymerases.DNA repair · 2016Review
- Efficient AID targeting of switch regions is not sufficient for optimal class switch recombination.Nature communications · 2015Article
- Targeting of somatic hypermutation by immunoglobulin enhancer and enhancer-like sequences.PLoS biology · 2014Article
- AID-induced remodeling of immunoglobulin genes and B cell fate.Oncotarget · 2014Review
- Epigenetic Regulation of Individual Modules of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus 3' Regulatory Region.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Review
- The IgH 3' regulatory region controls somatic hypermutation in germinal center B cells.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Both class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM) require transcription and the trans-acting factor activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and must be up-regulated during antigen-dependent differentiation of B lymphocytes. To test the role of the heavy chain 3' enhancers in both CSR and SHM, we used a BAC transgene of the entire heavy chain constant region locus. Using Cre-loxP recombination to delete a 28-kb region that contains the four known 3' heavy chain enhancers, we isolated lines of BAC transgenic mice with an intact heavy chain locus and paired lines in the same chromosomal insertion site lacking the 3' enhancers. Intact heavy chain transgenes undergo CSR to all heavy chain genes and mutate their transgenic VDJ exon. In paired transgenes lacking the 3' enhancer region, CSR to most heavy chain genes is reduced to approximately 1% of the levels for intact heavy chain loci; SHM is also reduced. Finally, we find that in B cells with a transgene lacking the 3' enhancers, interchromosomal recombination between the transgenic VDJ exon and the endogenous heavy chain C genes is more easily detected than CSR within the transgene.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.