ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2010
Depression and cancer risk: 24 years of follow-up of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area sample.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Depression and anxiety in relation to cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Psychological distress in relation to site specific cancer mortality: pooling of unpublished data from 16 prospective cohort studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Pooled it
- Depression and Anxiety as Risk Factors for Morbidity and Mortality After Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Transplantation · 2015Pooled it
- Mental Health Conditions and Incident Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 402,255 UK Biobank Participants.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Association between Depression and Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Polyps: A Prospective Cohort Study from the Nurses' Health Study II.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Association between socioeconomic position and transitions to multimorbidity involving major chronic diseases in Northwest Italy.npj aging · 2026Article
- Premedication with steroids in breast cancer - supportive treatment or tumour growth promotion?Magyar onkologia · 2026Review
- Depressive symptoms and incident cancer risk in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: Findings from CHARLS.Medicine · 2026Article
- Pan-Cancer Analysis of a Depression-Related Gene Signature Identifies an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Links to Immunotherapy Response in Breast Cancer.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Article
- Five depressive symptom trajectories in three dimensions are risk factors of cancer: a ten-year follow-up study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms and clinical value of the correlation between depression and cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Depression, antidepressant use, and breast cancer incidence in the Sister Study cohort.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Modulating Gut Microbiota with Dietary Components: A Novel Strategy for Cancer-Depression Comorbidity Management.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Association Between Depression and Lung Cancer Risk Among Postmenopausal Women.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Association Between Depression Severity and Ovarian Cancer Among American Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Cancer Incidence Among People With a Prior Hospital Record of Depression in Scotland, 1991-2019: A Cohort Study.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Mortality in patients with major depressive disorder: A nationwide population-based cohort study with 11-year follow-up.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024Article
- Navigating the Intersection of Technology and Depression Precision Medicine.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- The Impact of Psychological Distress on Cervical Cancer.Cancers · 2023Article
- The Risk and The Course of Cancer Among People with Severe Mental Illness.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2023Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective was to characterize the relationship between depression and incident cancer. Few studies have employed population-based prospective data on subtypes of cancer to address the question.
methodA population-based sample of 3,177 cancer-free adults from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study who have been followed for 24 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative hazards for both overall and subtype-specific cancers among those with a history of depression.
resultsThe risk set contained 334 incident cancer cases and 40,530 person-years of observation. DIS/DSM-III major depression was associated with a higher hazard for overall cancer (HR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.0) and a statistically significant increased hazard for breast cancer (HR: 4.4, 95% CI: 1.08, 17.6) among women. There was a positive association between history of depression and prostate cancer, but confidence bounds included the null. No reliable associations were found between colon, lung, or skin cancers and depression. The pattern of results was similar for dysphoria, but not for phobia or any other mental disorder studied.
conclusionsResults reveal a specificity to the association between depression and hormonally mediated cancers, which provides support to hypotheses about a common biological pathway between depression and cancer. Further research can build on observational studies to examine the mechanisms through which our emotions affect our health.
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