ReviewNature reviews. Endocrinology2009
Type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis: common etiological features.
Review in Nature reviews. Endocrinology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diabetes mellitus and risk of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- The Integrated Cellular and Molecular Landscape of Autoimmunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- From Multiple Sclerosis to Organ-Specific Autoimmune Disorders: Insights into the Molecular and Clinical Implications of Comorbidity.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Deep learning-based prediction of autoimmune diseases.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring proteomic immunoprofiles: common neurological and immunological pathways in multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Type 1 Diabetes and Other Autoimmune Disorders in Children.Pediatric diabetes · 2024Review
- Genetically predicted associations between circulating cytokines and autoimmune diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Potential drug targets for multiple sclerosis identified through Mendelian randomization analysis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Comorbidities.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- Review
- Preclinical Autoimmune Disease: a Comparison of Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Similarities and differences between multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2022Article
- The NOD Mouse Beyond Autoimmune Diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The hygiene hypothesis in autoimmunity: the role of pathogens and commensals.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- Long-Term Provision of Acidified Drinking Water Fails to Influence Autoimmune Diabetes and Encephalomyelitis.Journal of diabetes research · 2018Article
- Role of vitamin D deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus incidence and aggravation.Auto- immunity highlights · 2017Article
- Cooccurrences of Putative Endogenous Retrovirus-Associated Diseases.BioMed research international · 2017Review
- The Autoimmune Ecology.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis have been largely seen as different, organ-specific diseases, which are managed by different medical specialties. Research studies on these diseases have for the most part followed independent tracks. In this Review, we highlight the latest epidemiological and genetic findings, which have identified many features common to both disorders. Experts consider it increasingly likely that the environment contributes substantially to this overlap. However, although genetic elements that are distinct to each disease probably determine the ultimate form of autoimmunity that is manifested, strikingly broad parallels are seen between the components of genetic risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis. Similarities and differences between these two diseases draw attention to shared disease pathways but insights into each disorder are providing mutual illumination of their pathogenesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
19884899What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.