ArticleNeuroscience2010
Differential distribution of exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic AMP within the adult rat retina.
Article in Neuroscience, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP signaling in vascular remodeling.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- Activation of Dopamine D1 Receptors at the Axon Initial Segment-Like Process of Retinal AII Amacrine Cells Modulates Action Potential Firing.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Non-canonical type 1 cannabinoid receptor signaling regulates night visual processing in the inner rat retina.iScience · 2024Article
- Multiple Roles of cAMP in Vertebrate Retina.Cells · 2023Review
- Enhanced cGMP Interactor Rap Guanine Exchange Factor 4 (EPAC2) Expression and Activity in Degenerating Photoreceptors: A Neuroprotective Response?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Chemical signaling in the developing avian retina: Focus on cyclic AMP and AKT-dependent pathways.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Article
- The cGMP system in normal and degenerating mouse neuroretina: New proteins with cGMP interaction potential identified by a proteomics approach.Journal of neurochemistry · 2021Article
- Neuronal Epac1 mediates retinal neurodegeneration in mouse models of ocular hypertension.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Article
- Angiotensin-(1-7) Attenuates Protein O-GlcNAcylation in the Retina by EPAC/Rap1-Dependent Inhibition of O-GlcNAc Transferase.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Epac1 and Glycyrrhizin Both Inhibit HMGB1 Levels to Reduce Diabetes-Induced Neuronal and Vascular Damage in the Mouse Retina.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- The EPAC-Rap1 pathway prevents and reverses cytokine-induced retinal vascular permeability.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2018Article
- Epac1 deacetylates HMGB1 through increased IGFBP-3 and SIRT1 levels in the retinal vasculature.Molecular vision · 2018Article
- Epac1 Restores Normal Insulin Signaling through a Reduction in Inflammatory Cytokines.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Article
- Epac1 Blocks NLRP3 Inflammasome to Reduce IL-1Mediators of inflammation · 2017Article
- Epac1 agonist decreased inflammatory proteins in retinal endothelial cells, and loss of Epac1 increased inflammatory proteins in the retinal vasculature of mice.Molecular vision · 2017Article
- Lactate Transport and Receptor Actions in Retina: Potential Roles in Retinal Function and Disease.Neurochemical research · 2016Review
- Protein composition of immunoprecipitated synaptic ribbons.Journal of proteome research · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The recently discovered exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), a guanine exchange factor for the G-protein RAP-1, is directly activated by cAMP independently of protein kinase A (PKA). While cAMP is known to be an important second messenger in the retina, the presence of Epac has not been investigated in this tissue. The goal of the present study was to determine if the Epac1 and Epac2 genes are present and to characterize their location within the retina. Western blot analysis revealed that Epac1 and Epac2 proteins are expressed within the retina, and the presence of mRNA was demonstrated with the aid of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Additionally, we used immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy to demonstrate that Epac1 and Epac2 have overlapping as well as unique distributions within the retina. Both are present within horizontal cells, rod and cone bipolar cells, cholinergic amacrine cells, retrograde labeled retinal ganglion cells, and Müller cells. Uniquely, Epac2 was expressed by cone photoreceptor inner and outer segments, cell bodies, and synaptic terminals. In contrast, Epac1 was expressed in vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1) and C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) positive photoreceptor synaptic terminals. Together, these results provide evidence that Epac1 and Epac2 are differentially expressed within the retina and provide the framework for further functional studies of cAMP pathways within the retina.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.