ReviewPsychological bulletin2009
Linking dimensional models of internalizing psychopathology to neurobiological systems: affect-modulated startle as an indicator of fear and distress disorders and affiliated traits.
Review in Psychological bulletin, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Neurophysiological and clinical effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist lanicemine (BHV-5500) in PTSD: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Depression and anxiety · 2021Trial
- Responses to Aversive Acoustic Stimuli in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Moderation by the Presence of a Service Dog in Training.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Opposing Relations of Reward Positivity with Anhedonia and Threat Sensitivity: Implications for Differential Dimensional Diagnosis.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- The Startle Response and Prepulse Inhibition in Psychosis and Violence: A Combined Electromyography and Electroencephalography Study.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2025Article
- Blunted startle reactivity in everyday sadism and psychopathy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Startle to neutral, not negative stimuli: A neurophysiological correlate of behavioral inhibition in young children.Developmental psychobiology · 2021Article
- Weak Vestibular Response in Persistent Developmental Stuttering.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2021Article
- The association between parenting and the error-related negativity across childhood and adolescence.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2020Article
- Artificial intelligence in prediction of mental health disorders induced by the COVID-19 pandemic among health care workers.Croatian medical journal · 2020Article
- Quantifying Dispositional Fear as Threat Sensitivity: Development and Initial Validation of a Model-Based Scale Measure.Assessment · 2020Article
- Incorporating neurophysiological measures into clinical assessments: Fundamental challenges and a strategy for addressing them.Psychological assessment · 2019Review
- Psychophysiological Markers of Fear and Anxiety.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Review
- Fear-potentiated startle response as an endophenotype: Evaluating metrics and methods for genetic applications.Psychophysiology · 2019Article
- A Proof-of-Mechanism Study to Test Effects of the NMDA Receptor Antagonist Lanicemine on Behavioral Sensitization in Individuals With Symptoms of PTSD.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Article
- Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Rather Than Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Best Account for Altered Emotional Responses in Military Veterans.Journal of traumatic stress · 2018Article
- Implications of the Hierarchical Structure of Psychopathology for Psychiatric Neuroimaging.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2017Article
- Error-related brain activity is related to aversive potentiation of the startle response in children, but only the ERN is associated with anxiety disorders.Emotion (Washington, D.C.) · 2017Article
- The genetics of anxiety-related negative valence system traits.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2017Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Integrative hierarchical models have sought to account for the extensive comorbidity between various internalizing disorders in terms of broad individual difference factors these disorders share. However, such models have been developed largely on the basis of self-report and diagnostic symptom data. Toward the goal of linking such models to neurobiological systems, we reviewed studies that have employed variants of the affect-modulated startle paradigm to investigate emotional processing in internalizing disorders as well as personality constructs known to be associated with these disorders. Specifically, we focused on four parameters of startle reactivity: fear-potentiated startle, inhibition of startle in the context of pleasant stimuli, context-potentiated startle, and general startle reactivity. On the basis of available data, we argue that these varying effects index differing neurobiological processes related to mood and anxiety disorders that are interpretable from the standpoint of dimensional models of the internalizing spectrum. Further, we contend that these empirical findings can feed back into and help reshape conceptualizations of internalizing disorders in ways that make them more amenable to neurobiological analysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.