ReviewNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2009
Mitoxantrone: benefits and risks in multiple sclerosis patients.
Review in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Case Report: Marburg variant of multiple sclerosis and review of its complicated treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Should we stay or should we go? Recent insights on drug discontinuation in multiple sclerosis.Neurological research and practice · 2025Review
- Treatment Patterns and Unmet Need for Patients with Progressive Multiple Sclerosis in the United States: Survey Results from 2016 to 2021.Neurology and therapy · 2023Article
- Using an animal model to predict the effective human dose for oral multiple sclerosis drugs.Clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Recent Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Immune Cells as Targets.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Review
- Adjusting the Structure of β-Cyclodextrin to Improve Complexation of Anthraquinone-Derived Drugs.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Progress in the Application of Drugs for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Current and Emerging Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for the Radiologist, Part 1-Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Safety.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2017Review
- Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) protects against mitoxantrone-induced cardiac injury in mice.Peptides · 2017Article
- Multiple Sclerosis: Immunopathology and Treatment Update.Brain sciences · 2017Review
- Pharmacological Approaches to the Management of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.Drugs · 2017Review
- BJ-1108, a 6-Amino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol analogue, regulates differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Biological research · 2017Article
- Article
- Disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis - a review of approved medications.European journal of neurology · 2016Review
- Infection risk in patients on multiple sclerosis therapeutics.CNS drugs · 2015Review
- Nigella sativa amliorates inflammation and demyelination in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-induced Wistar rats.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2015Article
- Management of disease-modifying treatments in neurological autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2014Review
- Endocrine autoimmune diseases and female infertility.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mitoxantrone (MTX) is a synthetic antineoplastic cytotoxic drug, active both on proliferative and non-proliferative cells. The efficacy of MTX has been suggested by many open-label or observational studies and demonstrated in four randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). It is indicated for reducing neurological disability and the frequency of clinical relapses in patients with progressive relapsing and worsening relapsing-remitting MS patients. The short-term most frequent adverse events observed in RCTs have been nausea/vomiting, alopecia, an increased risk of urinary and respiratory tract infections, phlebitis, transitory leukopenia, amenorrhea in female patients and infertility. However, the most serious risks of the drug are represented by potential cardiotoxicity and leukaemia, whose incidence seems to be higher than previously reported. Therefore, all potential serious adverse events should be carefully considered against the potential relevant benefits of MTX treatment on every single MS patient.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.