ArticleCell2009
Tetherin inhibits HIV-1 release by directly tethering virions to cells.
Article in Cell, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 409 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
409 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Multiple Inhibitory Factors Act in the Late Phase of HIV-1 Replication: a Systematic Review of the Literature.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2018Pooled it
- Real-Time Imaging of HIV-1 Protease Activation and Substrate Cleavage in Single Virions Assembling on the Plasma Membrane.Viruses · 2026Article
- Distinct Transcriptomic Signatures of HIV-1 Tat and gp120 Uncover Differential Neuroimmune Vulnerability in aCurrent issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- BST-2 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 egress at intracellular membranes and is neutralized by ORF7a.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- SUMOylation and ubiquitination reciprocally regulate SMCHD1 antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus 1.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- TAM receptor tyrosine kinases as potential mediators of the non-lytic spread of non-enveloped viruses.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Dynamics of antiretroviral restriction factor expression in sheep naturally infected with Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV).Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Emerging Oncogenic and Immunoregulatory Roles of BST2 in Human Cancers.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Host factors in parainfluenza virus replication: from entry to innate immunity evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- The E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXL18 stabilizes BST2 to promote inflammation in RABV-infected astrocytes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- GABARAP proteins regulate the packaging of HIV-1 genomic RNA into virions.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Exosome Tethering Requires Tetherin Homodimerisation.Biology of the cell · 2025Article
- HIV-1 Vpu interacts with RBM10 to promote HIV-1 infection.mSystems · 2025Article
- Profiling HIV1-host protein-protein interaction networks in patient-derived exosome proteins: impact on pathophysiology and innate immune pathways.Virology journal · 2025Article
- CD317 functions as a key antiviral factor in human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Review
- EIAV encodes an accessory protein that antagonizes the host restriction factor equine tetherin.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- HIV-1 and BLV are insensitive to SERINC5 restriction under the cell-cell infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus BALF0/1 subverts the Caveolin and ERAD pathways to target B cell receptor complexes for degradation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
349 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tetherin is an interferon-induced protein whose expression blocks the release of HIV-1 and other enveloped viral particles. The underlying mechanism by which tetherin functions and whether it directly or indirectly causes virion retention are unknown. Here, we elucidate the mechanism by which tetherin exerts its antiviral activity. We demonstrate, through mutational analyses and domain replacement experiments, that tetherin configuration rather than primary sequence is critical for antiviral activity. These findings allowed the design of a completely artificial protein, lacking sequence homology with native tetherin, that nevertheless mimicked its antiviral activity. We further show that tetherin is incorporated into HIV-1 particles as a parallel homodimer using either of its two membrane anchors. These results indicate that tetherin functions autonomously and directly and that infiltration of virion envelopes by one or both of tetherin's membrane anchors is necessary, and likely sufficient, to tether enveloped virus particles that bud through the plasma membrane.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.