Trial reportClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2009
Changes in Trypanosoma cruzi-specific immune responses after treatment: surrogate markers of treatment efficacy.
Trial report in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trypanocidal drugs for late-stage, symptomatic Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Ideal benznidazole dose regimen in chronic chagasic patients: a systematic review.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2020Pooled it
- Distinct Treatment Outcomes of Antiparasitic Therapy inFrontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Sequential combined treatment with allopurinol and benznidazole in the chronic phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection: a pilot study.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2013Trial
- Natural killer (NK) cells with downregulated activating receptors and IL-10 production promote Trypanosoma cruzi T-cell responses in subjects in the Chronic phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection: An exploratory immunological analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Unraveling the cytokine profile in acute Chagas disease in the Brazilian Amazon: Insights before and after treatment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Long-term outcomes of benznidazole treatment in chronic Chagas disease: A 27-year cohort study of parasitological cure and death in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- System-based insights into parasitological and clinical treatment failure in Chagas disease.mSystems · 2025Review
- Cardiac and Digestive Forms of Chagas Disease: An Update on Pathogenesis, Genetics, and Therapeutic Targets.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Review
- Localized cardiac small molecule trajectories and persistent chemical sequelae in experimental Chagas disease.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Frequency Variation and Dose Modification of Benznidazole Administration for the Treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Mice, Dogs, and Nonhuman Primates.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Frequency variation and dose modification of benznidazole administration for the treatment ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Prophylactic low-dose, bi-weekly benznidazole treatment fails to prevent Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs under intense transmission pressure.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Role of the Complement System in the Modulation of T-Cell Responses in Chronic Chagas Disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Immune exhaustion in chronic Chagas disease: Pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action of IL-27 in vitro.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Reduced Trypanosoma cruzi-specific humoral response and enhanced T cell immunity after treatment interruption with benznidazole in chronic Chagas disease.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Article
- High variation in immune responses and parasite phenotypes in naturally acquired Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a captive non-human primate breeding colony in Texas, USA.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- A proportion of CD4+ T cells from patients with chronic Chagas disease undergo a dysfunctional process, which is partially reversed by benznidazole treatment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Treatment With Suboptimal Dose of Benznidazole Mitigates Immune Response Molecular Pathways in Mice With Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Declining antibody levels to Trypanosoma cruzi correlate with polymerase chain reaction positivity and electrocardiographic changes in a retrospective cohort of untreated Brazilian blood donors.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAs many as 20 million people are living with Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Latin American, yet few receive any treatment. The major limitation in developing and evaluating potential new drugs for their efficacy is the lack of reliable tests to assess parasite burden and elimination.
methodsAdults volunteers with chronic T. cruzi infection were evaluated clinically and stratified according to the Kuschnir classification. Individuals with group 0 and group 1 clinical status were treated with benznidazole (5 mg/kg per day for 30 days). The changes in T. cruzi-specific T cell and antibody responses, as well as in clinical status, were measured periodically over the 3-5-year follow-up period and were compared with pretreatment conditions and with values in an untreated control group.
resultsThe frequency of peripheral interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing T cells specific for T. cruzi declined as early as 12 months after benznidazole treatment and subsequently became undetectable in a substantial proportion of treated subjects. In addition, decreases in antibody responses to a pool of recombinant T. cruzi proteins also decreased in many of these same subjects. The shift to negative IFN-gamma T cell responses was highly associated with an early increase in IFN-gamma-producing T cells with phenotypic features of effector/effector memory cells in a subset of subjects. Benznidazole treatment also resulted in an increase in naive and early differentiated memory-like CD8(+) T cells in a majority of subjects.
conclusionsBenznidazole treatment during chronic Chagas disease has a substantial impact on parasite-specific immune response that is likely indicative of treatment efficacy and cure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.