ArticlePloS one2009
HIV-1 residual viremia correlates with persistent T-cell activation in poor immunological responders to combination antiretroviral therapy.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discordant Immune Response with Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Antiretroviral Therapy Reduces T-cell Activation and Immune Exhaustion Markers in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Controllers.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Trial
- High Current CD4+ T Cell Count Predicts Suboptimal Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy.PloS one · 2015Trial
- A randomized, controlled trial of raltegravir intensification in antiretroviral-treated, HIV-infected patients with a suboptimal CD4+ T cell response.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2011Trial
- Genomic landscape of HIV-1 proviruses in ART-treated immunological non-responders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Navigating the Nexus: HIV and Breast Cancer-A Critical Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Coronary artery endothelial function and aging in people with HIV and HIV-negative individuals.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Recent advances in poor HIV immune reconstitution: what will the future look like?Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of the Replication-Competent HIV Reservoir in Treated Patients.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Research Progress on the Relationship between the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Immune Reconstitution in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Article
- Alterations in circulating markers in HIV/AIDS patients with poor immune reconstitution: Novel insights from microbial translocation and innate immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Comparative Transcriptional Analysis Identified Characteristic Genes and Patterns in HIV-Infected Immunological Non-Responders.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Persistent low-Level viremia in persons living with HIV undertreatment: An unresolved status.Virulence · 2021Review
- Anti-Tat immunity defines CD4EBioMedicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Association of Incomplete Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy With Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Virologically Suppressed Persons With HIV: The Swiss HIV Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Immune Activation and Inflammation in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Challenging Targets.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Partial Normalization of Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Activation Among Virally Suppressed Men With HIV Infection and High ART Adherence.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Dysfunctional Immunometabolism in HIV Infection: Contributing Factors and Implications for Age-Related Comorbid Diseases.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe clinical significance and cellular sources of residual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) production despite suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) remain unclear and the effect of low-level viremia on T-cell homeostasis is still debated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe characterized the recently produced residual viruses in the plasma and short-lived blood monocytes of 23 patients with various immunological responses to sustained suppressive cART. We quantified the residual HIV-1 in the plasma below 50 copies/ml, and in the CD14(high) CD16(-) and CD16+ monocyte subsets sorted by flow cytometry, and predicted coreceptor usage by genotyping V3 env sequences. We detected residual viremia in the plasma of 8 of 10 patients with poor CD4+ T-cell reconstitution in response to cART and in only 5 of 13 patients with good CD4+ T-cell reconstitution. CXCR4-using viruses were frequent among the recently produced viruses in the plasma and in the main CD14(high) CD16(-) monocyte subset. Finally, the residual viremia was correlated with persistent CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation in patients with poor immune reconstitution.
conclusionsLow-level viremia could result from the release of archived viruses from cellular reservoirs and/or from ongoing virus replication in some patients. The compartmentalization of the viruses between the plasma and the blood monocytes suggests at least two origins of residual virus production during effective cART. CXCR4-using viruses might be produced preferentially in patients on cART. Our results also suggest that low-level HIV-1 production in some patients may contribute to persistent immune dysfunction despite cART.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.