Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19864673›Full record

Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2009

Antibiotic prophylaxis and recurrent urinary tract infection in children.

Jonathan C Craig, Judy M Simpson, Gabrielle J Williams, Alison Lowe, Graham J Reynolds, Steven J McTaggart, Elisabeth M Hodson, Jonathan R Carapetis, Noel E Cranswick, Grahame Smith and 5 more

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT03221504 (7-day Compared With 10-day Antibiotic Treatment for Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Children), which is not on this map. Cited by 125 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
125citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
57.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03221504 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

7-day Compared With 10-day Antibiotic Treatment for Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Children: a Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedical University of WarsawRan2018 to 2020Enrolled221ConditionsUrinary Tract Infections in ChildrenArmsLonger therapy duration, Shorter therapy duration
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

125 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 485 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
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  5. Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019
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  14. Renal Scarring in the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR) Trial.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2016
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65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Jonathan C CraigScreening and Test Evaluation Program and the School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Judy M Simpson
Gabrielle J Williams
Alison Lowe
Graham J Reynolds
Steven J McTaggart
Elisabeth M Hodson
Jonathan R Carapetis
Noel E Cranswick
Grahame Smith
Les M Irwig
Patrina H Y Caldwell
Sana Hamilton
Leslie P Roy
Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Children with Vesicoureteric Reflux and Normal Renal Tracts (PRIVENT) Investigators
Children's Hospital at Westmead · AUUniversity of Sydney · AUAustralian National University · AUCharles Darwin University · AUMurdoch Children's Research Institute · AUUniversity of Queensland · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntibiotics are widely administered to children with the intention of preventing urinary tract infection, but adequately powered, placebo-controlled trials regarding efficacy are lacking. This study from four Australian centers examined whether low-dose, continuous oral antibiotic therapy prevents urinary tract infection in predisposed children.

methodsWe randomly assigned children under the age of 18 years who had had one or more microbiologically proven urinary tract infections to receive either daily trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole suspension (as 2 mg of trimethoprim plus 10 mg of sulfamethoxazole per kilogram of body weight) or placebo for 12 months. The primary outcome was microbiologically confirmed symptomatic urinary tract infection. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed with the use of time-to-event data.

resultsFrom December 1998 to March 2007, a total of 576 children (of 780 planned) underwent randomization. The median age at entry was 14 months; 64% of the patients were girls, 42% had known vesicoureteral reflux (at least grade III in 53% of these patients), and 71% were enrolled after the first diagnosis of urinary tract infection. During the study, urinary tract infection developed in 36 of 288 patients (13%) in the group receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic group) and in 55 of 288 patients (19%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio in the antibiotic group, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.40 to 0.93; P = 0.02 by the log-rank test). In the antibiotic group, the reduction in the absolute risk of urinary tract infection (6 percentage points) appeared to be consistent across all subgroups of patients (P > or = 0.20 for all interactions).

conclusionsLong-term, low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was associated with a decreased number of urinary tract infections in predisposed children. The treatment effect appeared to be consistent but modest across subgroups. (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12608000470392.)

Indexed as

Antibiotic ProphylaxisAdolescentAnti-Infective Agents, UrinaryChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalePatient ComplianceSecondary PreventionTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeTrimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug CombinationUrinary Tract InfectionsAnti-Infective Agents, UrinaryTrimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Identifiers

PMID19864673
OpenAlexW2082988422

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.