ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
Recognition of fungal protease activities induces cellular activation and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin release in human eosinophils.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Analysis of Lifecycle-Dependent A to I RNA Editing in Three Members of theJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Spatial adaptation of eosinophils and their emerging roles in homeostasis, infection and disease.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- The New Paradigm: The Role of Proteins and Triggers in the Evolution of Allergic Asthma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- First Reported Case of a Clinically Nonresponsive-to-ItraconazoleJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Immunopathologic Role of Eosinophils in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The regulatory role of eosinophils in viral, bacterial, and fungal infections.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Review
- Revisiting the controversy: The role of fungi in chronic rhinosinusitis.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2021Review
- Neutrophil and Eosinophil DNA Extracellular Trap Formation: Lessons From Pathogenic Fungi.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Mechanisms of eosinophilic inflammation.Asia Pacific allergy · 2020Review
- Interaction of host and Staphylococcus aureus protease-system regulates virulence and pathogenicity.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2019Review
- Innate and adaptive immune responses to fungi in the airway.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2018Review
- Antifungal Innate Immunity: A Perspective from the Last 10 Years.Journal of innate immunity · 2018Review
- Innate Immunity Induced by the Major Allergen Alt a 1 From the FungusFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Eosinophils from Physiology to Disease: A Comprehensive Review.BioMed research international · 2018Review
- Article
- Airway epithelial anion secretion and barrier function following exposure to fungal aeroallergens: role of oxidative stress.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2017Article
- A Player and Coordinator: The Versatile Roles of Eosinophils in the Immune System.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2016Review
- Airway surface mycosis in chronic TH2-associated airway disease.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2014Article
- Role of prostaglandin D2 /CRTH2 pathway on asthma exacerbation induced by Aspergillus fumigatus.Immunology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma and in immunity to certain organisms. Associations between exposure to an environmental fungus, such as Alternaria, and asthma have been recognized clinically. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are G protein-coupled receptors that are cleaved and activated by serine proteases, but their roles in innate immunity remain unknown. We previously found that human eosinophils respond vigorously to Alternaria organisms and to the secretory product(s) of Alternaria with eosinophils releasing their proinflammatory mediators. In this study, we investigated the roles of protease(s) produced by Alternaria and of PARs expressed on eosinophils in their immune responses against fungal organisms. We found that Alternaria alternata produces aspartate protease(s) and that human peripheral blood eosinophils degranulate in response to the cell-free extract of A. alternata. Eosinophils showed an increased intracellular calcium concentration in response to Alternaria that was desensitized by peptide and protease ligands for PAR-2 and inhibited by a PAR-2 antagonistic peptide. Alternaria-derived aspartate protease(s) cleaved PAR-2 to expose neo-ligands; these neo-ligands activated eosinophil degranulation in the absence of proteases. Finally, treatment of Alternaria extract with aspartate protease inhibitors, which are conventionally used for HIV-1 and other microbes, attenuated the eosinophils' responses to Alternaria. Thus, fungal aspartate protease and eosinophil PAR-2 appear critical for the eosinophils' innate immune response to certain fungi, suggesting a novel mechanism for pathologic inflammation in asthma and for host-pathogen interaction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.