ArticleDiabetes2010
GAD antibody positivity predicts type 2 diabetes in an adult population.
Article in Diabetes, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes autoantibodies do not predict progression to diabetes in adults: the Diabetes Prevention Program.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2014 · on this mapTrial
- Lifestyle and environmental risk factors for adult-onset autoimmune diabetes: current evidence and future directions.Diabetologia · 2026Review
- Indications and Diagnostic Yield of Paraneoplastic and Autoimmune Encephalitis Antibody Testing: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- A Review on Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults.Cureus · 2023Review
- Serum and salivary adiponectin levels as predictive markers for diabetes mellitus in children with a family history of diabetes.Journal of medicine and life · 2023Article
- Determination of autoantibodies in type 2 diabetes: one simple way to improve classification.Diabetologia · 2023Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2022Article
- Alterations in Biomarkers Related to Glycemia, Lipid Metabolism, and Inflammation up to 20 Years Before Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Adults: Findings From the AMORIS Cohort.Diabetes care · 2022Article
- Lifestyle or Environmental Influences and Their Interaction With Genetic Susceptibility on the Risk of LADA.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Family history of type 2 diabetes and characteristics of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2021Observational
- Predictive Value of GAD Antibody for Diabetes in Normal Chinese Adults: A Retrospective Cohort Study in China.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Article
- Characterization of patients with diabetes who were incidentally found to be glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody-positive by bridging-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2020Article
- Management of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: A Consensus Statement From an International Expert Panel.Diabetes · 2020Article
- Allostasis and the origins of adult-onset diabetes.Diabetologia · 2020Article
- Autoimmunity plays a role in the onset of diabetes after 40 years of age.Diabetologia · 2020Article
- Etiology and Pathogenesis of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) Compared to Type 2 Diabetes.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Review
- Observational
- The Level of Autoantibodies Targeting Eukaryote Translation Elongation Factor 1 α1 and Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme 2L3 in Nondiabetic Young Adults.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2016Article
- Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies are dominant but insufficient to identify most Chinese with adult-onset non-insulin requiring autoimmune diabetes: LADA China study 5.Acta diabetologica · 2015Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the significance of GAD antibodies (GADAs) and family history for type 1 diabetes (FH(T1)) or type 2 diabetes (FH(T2)) in nondiabetic subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsGADAs were analyzed in 4,976 nondiabetic relatives of type 2 diabetic patients or control subjects from Finland. Altogether, 289 (5.9%) were GADA(+)-a total of 253 GADA(+) and 2,511 GADA(-) subjects participated in repeated oral glucose tolerance tests during a median time of 8.1 years. The risk of progression to diabetes was assessed using Cox regression analysis.
resultsSubjects within the highest quartile of GADA(+) (GADA(+)(high)) had more often first-degree FH(T1) (29.2 vs. 7.9%, P < 0.00001) and GADA(+) type 2 diabetic (21.3 vs. 13.7%, P = 0.002) or nondiabetic (26.4 vs. 13.3%, P = 0.010) relatives than GADA(-) subjects. During the follow-up, the GADA(+) subjects developed diabetes significantly more often than the GADA(-) subjects (36/253 [14.2%] vs. 134/2,511 [5.3%], P < 0.00001). GADA(+)(high) conferred a 4.9-fold increased risk of diabetes (95% CI 2.8-8.5) compared with GADA(-)-seroconversion to positive during the follow-up was associated with 6.5-fold (2.8-15.2) and first-degree FH(T1) with 2.2-fold (1.2-4.1) risk of diabetes. Only three subjects developed type 1 diabetes, and others had a non-insulin-dependent phenotype 1 year after diagnosis. GADA(+) and GADA(-) subjects did not clinically differ at baseline, but they were leaner and less insulin resistant after the diagnosis of diabetes.
conclusionsGADA positivity clusters in families with type 1 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. GADA positivity predicts diabetes independently of family history of diabetes, and this risk was further increased with high GADA concentrations.
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