ArticleBMC genomics2009
Inherent promoter bidirectionality facilitates maintenance of sequence integrity and transcription of parasitic DNA in mammalian genomes.
Article in BMC genomics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Volatile evolution of long noncoding RNA repertoires: mechanisms and biological implications.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2014Review
- The vertebrate RCAN gene family: novel insights into evolution, structure and regulation.PloS one · 2014Article
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- Genesis and regulatory wiring of retroelement-derived domesticated genes: a phylogenomic perspective.Molecular biology and evolution · 2013Article
- Long non-coding RNA expression profiling of mouse testis during postnatal development.PloS one · 2013Article
- Bidirectional promoters as important drivers for the emergence of species-specific transcripts.PloS one · 2013Article
- Bidirectional activity of the NWC promoter is responsible for RAG-2 transcription in non-lymphoid cells.PloS one · 2012Article
- What Can Domesticated Genes Tell Us about the Intron Gain in Mammals?International journal of evolutionary biology · 2012Article
- Clustered transcripts that escape X inactivation at mouse XqD.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2011Article
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2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMany mammalian genes are arranged in a bidirectional manner, sharing a common promoter and regulatory elements. This is especially true for promoters containing a CpG island, usually unmethylated and associated with an 'open' or accessible chromatin structure. In evolutionary terms, a primary function of genomic methylation is postulated to entail protection of the host genome from the disruption associated with activity of parasitic or transposable elements. These are usually epigenetically silenced following insertion into mammalian genomes, becoming sequence degenerate over time. Despite this, it is clear that many transposable element-derived DNAs have evaded host-mediated epigenetic silencing to remain expressed (domesticated) in mammalian genomes, several of which have demonstrated essential roles during mammalian development.
resultsThe current study provides evidence that many CpG island-associated promoters associated with single genes exhibit inherent bidirectionality, facilitating "hijack" by transposable elements to create novel antisense 'head-to-head' bidirectional gene pairs in the genome that facilitates escape from host-mediated epigenetic silencing. This is often associated with an increase in CpG island length and transcriptional activity in the antisense direction. From a list of over 60 predicted protein-coding genes derived from transposable elements in the human genome and 40 in the mouse, we have found that a significant proportion are orientated in a bidirectional manner with CpG associated regulatory regions.
conclusionThese data strongly suggest that the selective force that shields endogenous CpG-containing promoter from epigenetic silencing can extend to exogenous foreign DNA elements inserted in close proximity in the antisense orientation, with resulting transcription and maintenance of sequence integrity of such elements in the host genome. Over time, this may result in "domestication" of such elements to provide novel cellular and developmental functions.
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