ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2009
Spermatozoa capture HIV-1 through heparan sulfate and efficiently transmit the virus to dendritic cells.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of iron in normal and impaired testicular function.Andrology · 2026Review
- Testis Is a Sanctuary Site for HIV-1.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Article
- Characterization and distribution of HIV-infected cells in semen.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- Viral tropism for the testis and sexual transmission.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Extracellular acidosis enhances Zika virus infection both in human cells and ex-vivo tissue cultures from female reproductive tract.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- Antioxidants Present in Reproductive Tract Fluids and Their Relevance for Fertility.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A possible pathogenic role of Syndecan-1 in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).International immunopharmacology · 2021Article
- HIV-1 subverts the complement system in semen to enhance viral transmission.Mucosal immunology · 2021Article
- Potential for Virus Endogenization in Humans through Testicular Germ Cell Infection: the Case of HIV.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Semen quality is affected by HLA class I alleles together with sexually transmitted diseases.Andrology · 2019Article
- Vehicles of intercellular communication: exosomes and HIV-1.The Journal of general virology · 2019Review
- Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Inhibits HIV-1 Infection in a pH-Dependent Manner.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Epigallocatechin-3-gallate local pre-exposure application prevents SHIV rectal infection of macaques.Mucosal immunology · 2018Article
- Sulfotransferase and Heparanase: Remodeling Engines in Promoting Virus Infection and Disease Development.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Review
- Prostaglandin E2 Antagonizes TGF-β Actions During the Differentiation of Monocytes Into Dendritic Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Monocytes but Not Lymphocytes Carrying HIV-1 on Their Surface Transmit Infection to Human Tissue Ex Vivo.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- CD4-mimetic sulfopeptide conjugates display sub-nanomolar anti-HIV-1 activity and protect macaques against a SHIV162P3 vaginal challenge.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Semen as virus reservoir?Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2016Article
- Human Mucosal Mast Cells Capture HIV-1 and Mediate Viral trans-Infection of CD4+ T Cells.Journal of virology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Semen is the main vector for HIV-1 dissemination worldwide. It contains three major sources of infectious virus: free virions, infected leukocytes, and spermatozoa-associated virions. We focused on the interaction of HIV-1 with human spermatozoa and dendritic cells (DCs). We report that heparan sulfate is expressed in spermatozoa and plays an important role in the capture of HIV-1. Spermatozoa-attached virus is efficiently transmitted to DCs, macrophages, and T cells. Interaction of spermatozoa with DCs not only leads to the transmission of HIV-1 and the internalization of the spermatozoa but also results in the phenotypic maturation of DCs and the production of IL-10 but not IL-12p70. At low values of extracellular pH (approximately 6.5 pH units), similar to those found in the vaginal mucosa after sexual intercourse, the binding of HIV-1 to the spermatozoa and the consequent transmission of HIV-1 to DCs were strongly enhanced. Our observations support the notion that far from being a passive carrier, spermatozoa acting in concert with DCs might affect the early course of sexual transmission of HIV-1 infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.