ArticleJournal of epidemiology and community health2011
Socioeconomic status, race and COPD health outcomes.
Article in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- Race-Based Pulmonary Function Testing Correction in COPD Inhaler Therapy Trials: A Systematic Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Pooled it
- Socioeconomic inequalities in hospitalizations for chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions: a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, 1990-2018.International journal for equity in health · 2020Pooled it
- Pulmonary specialist health coach consultation model: a randomized controlled trial.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2026Trial
- Lay Health Coaching to Increase Appropriate Inhaler Use in COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Annals of family medicine · 2020Trial
- Strategies for recruitment and retention of underrepresented populations with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for a clinical trial.BMC medical research methodology · 2019Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Health Coaching for Vulnerable Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2018Trial
- Early detection of COPD in general practice: patient or practice managed? A randomised controlled trial of two strategies in different socioeconomic environments.Primary care respiratory journal : journal of the General Practice Airways Group · 2013Trial
- Integrated Disease Management for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Primary Care, from the Controlled Trial to Clinical Program: A Cohort Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseTrial
- Clinical and socioeconomic parameters as predictors for longer hospital stay and mortality in COPD.Chronic respiratory diseaseTrial
- Identifying Social Need Trends Among Emergency Department Super-Users: A Latent Class Analysis.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Lung Function in the Korean General Population.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Associations between socioeconomic factors and mental symptoms highlight whole-body correlates and pathways.iScience · 2026Article
- Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among community-dwelling adults aged 40 years and older in regional China.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Matching on health status to estimate the effects of outpatient care and social factors in patients with COPD: a Norwegian registry‑based study.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Climate skepticism, natural hazards, and community vulnerability in COPD mortality among US counties.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Nonlinear thresholds in lipid-frailty interplay: Precision targets for severe airflow limitation in aging adults.PloS one · 2026Article
- Diversity and inclusivity in clinical trial populations for maintenance inhaler therapy in people with COPD: a systematic review.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Patient-Centered Televisit for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Discharge Transitions: User-Centered Design Study.JMIR human factors · 2025Article
- Factors influencing the prevalence and death rate of COPD: a pan-database ecological study covering 201 countries and regions from 1990 to 2021.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Association between Income, Neighborhood Vulnerability, and 5-Year Survival after Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalization in Medicare Beneficiaries.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common cause of death and disability, little is known about the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and race-ethnicity on health outcomes.
methodsThe aim of this study is to determine the independent impacts of SES and race-ethnicity on COPD severity status, functional limitations and acute exacerbations of COPD among patients with access to healthcare. Data were used from the Function, Living, Outcomes and Work cohort study of 1202 Kaiser Permanente Northern California Medical Care Plan members with COPD.
resultsLower educational attainment and household income were consistently related to greater disease severity, poorer lung function and greater physical functional limitations in cross-sectional analysis. Black race was associated with greater COPD severity, but these differences were no longer apparent after controlling for SES variables and other covariates (comorbidities, smoking, body mass index and occupational exposures). Lower education and lower income were independently related to a greater prospective risk of acute COPD exacerbation (HR 1.5; 95% CI 1.01 to 2.1; and HR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4 to 3.4, respectively).
conclusionLow SES is a risk factor for a broad array of adverse COPD health outcomes. Clinicians and disease management programs should consider SES as a key patient-level marker of risk for poor outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.