ReviewJournal of reproductive immunology2009
Mucosal immunology of the genital and gastrointestinal tracts and HIV-1 infection.
Review in Journal of reproductive immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Phase I randomised clinical trial of an HIV-1(CN54), clade C, trimeric envelope vaccine candidate delivered vaginally.PloS one · 2011Trial
- HIV Transmission and Immunology of the Male Reproductive Tract.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Lenacapavir at the Spatiotemporal Limit: Tissue Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacokinetic Tail Dynamics, and the Emergence of Capsid Resistance in Long-Acting HIV Prevention.Clinical pharmacology : advances and applications · 2026Review
- Dendritic cells in the human vaginal mucosa can direct CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review of Intranasal Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Delivery Systems.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Differential expression of HIV target cells CCR5 and α4β7 in tissue resident memory CD4 T cells in endocervix during the menstrual cycle of HIV seronegative women.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Immunization with Multiple Virulence Factors Provides Maternal and Neonatal Protection against Group B Streptococcus Serotypes.Vaccines · 2023Article
- NK cell spatial dynamics and IgA responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissues during SIV infections.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Meta-analysis of HIV-1 vaccine elicited mucosal antibodies in humans.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- The importance of semen leukocytes in HIV-1 transmission and the development of prevention strategies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Review
- VSV-Displayed HIV-1 Envelope Identifies Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Class-Switched to IgG and IgA.Cell host & microbe · 2020Article
- Vaccination with the recombinant major outer membrane protein elicits long-term protection in mice against vaginal shedding and infertility following aNPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Innate and Adaptive Anti-SIV Responses in Macaque Semen: Implications for Infectivity and Risk of Transmission.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Review
- Evaluation of Mucosal Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses to HIV in External Secretions and Mucosal Tissues.Current immunology reviews · 2019Article
- Hormonal Contraception and HIV-1 Acquisition: Biological Mechanisms.Endocrine reviews · 2018Review
- Parasites may exit immunocompromised northern pig-tailed macaques (Zoological research · 2018Article
- Short Communication: Parallel Analyses of Systemic and Local Vaccinations with Envelope Formulated in Adjuvant for Induction of HIV-Specific Antibodies in the Vaginal Mucosa.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The male and female genital tracts are protected by a local immune system that displays features distinguishing them from other mucosal sites. In contrast to the intestinal tract, where locally produced IgA is the dominant Ig, secretions of the male and female genital tract contain predominantly IgG of both local and systemic origin. Genital tract tissues also lack mucosal lymphoepithelial inductive sites analogous to intestinal Peyer's patches; consequently, local immunization or infections with sexually transmitted pathogens induce low immune responses. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection must be primarily considered as a mucosal disease with extensive involvement of the systemic immune compartment. Although the majority of infections is acquired through the genital mucosa, a high rate of virus replication and profound CD4(+) T cell depletion occurs in the intestinal mucosa and other mucosal tissues shortly after infection. Evaluation of HIV-specific antibodies in sera and external secretions, including vaginal washes and semen, unexpectedly revealed a selective lack of IgA responses. Moreover, specific antibody-secreting cells in peripheral blood were of the IgG isotype, even in mucosally infected individuals. Whether humoral responses to previously or newly encountered antigens are compromised in HIV-1-infected persons is under current investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.