ArticlePLoS pathogens2009
Evasion by stealth: inefficient immune activation underlies poor T cell response and severe disease in SARS-CoV-infected mice.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alveolar Macrophages in Viral Respiratory Infections: Sentinels and Saboteurs of Lung Defense.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Association of prior treatment with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates on outcomes of COVID-19 positive patients.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Article
- Proteomic profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals immune dysregulation and metabolic alterations in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Immunometabolic Signature during Respiratory Viral Infection: A Potential Target for Host-Directed Therapies.Viruses · 2023Review
- Onodera's prognostic nutritional index: Comparison of its role in the severity and outcomes of patients with COVID‑19 during the periods of alpha, delta and omicron variant predominance.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2022Article
- COVID-19 vaccination in patients receiving allergen immunotherapy (AIT) or biologicals-EAACI recommendations.Allergy · 2022Article
- Alveolar macrophages protect mice from MERS-CoV-induced pneumonia and severe disease.Veterinary pathology · 2022Article
- Cytokine Profile of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Severe COVID-19 and Possible Therapeutic Targets.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Age-Dependent Reduction in Asthmatic Pathology through Reprogramming of Postviral Inflammatory Responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Isolation of Functional SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Specific T-Cells with Specific Viral Cytotoxic Activity for Adoptive Therapy of COVID-19.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Neurological and psychiatric presentations associated with COVID-19.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Immune responses to human respiratory coronaviruses infection in mouse models.Current opinion in virology · 2022Review
- Immune interventions in COVID-19: a matter of time?Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Immune dysregulation and immunopathology induced by SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses - are we our own worst enemy?Nature reviews. Immunology · 2022Review
- COVID-19: Immunology, Immunopathogenesis and Potential Therapies.International reviews of immunology · 2022Review
- Cutting Edge: Lung-Resident T Cells Elicited by SARS-CoV-2 Do Not Mediate Protection against Secondary Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- ACE2 and Innate Immunity in the Regulation of SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Lung Injury: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Understanding the immunological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 pandemic: A therapeutic approach.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2021Review
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome caused substantial morbidity and mortality during the 2002-2003 epidemic. Many of the features of the human disease are duplicated in BALB/c mice infected with a mouse-adapted version of the virus (MA15), which develop respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we show that severe disease is correlated with slow kinetics of virus clearance and delayed activation and transit of respiratory dendritic cells (rDC) to the draining lymph nodes (DLN) with a consequent deficient virus-specific T cell response. All of these defects are corrected when mice are treated with liposomes containing clodronate, which deplete alveolar macrophages (AM). Inhibitory AMs are believed to prevent the development of immune responses to environmental antigens and allergic responses by interacting with lung dendritic cells and T cells. The inhibitory effects of AM can also be nullified if mice or AMs are pretreated with poly I:C, which directly activate AMs and rDCs through toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3). Further, adoptive transfer of activated but not resting bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) protect mice from lethal MA15 infection. These results may be relevant for SARS in humans, which is also characterized by prolonged virus persistence and delayed development of a SARS-CoV-specific immune response in individuals with severe disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.