Trial reportThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2009
Effects of conjugated equine estrogens on cognition and affect in postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00631332 (Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Cognitive Aging), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Cognitive Aging: Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging (WHISCA)
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of menopause hormone therapy on cognition.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Menopausal hormone therapy does not improve some domains of memory: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Individually modifiable risk factors to ameliorate cognitive aging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2015Pooled it
- EFFICACY OF ESTRADIOL IN PERIMENOPAUSAL DEPRESSION: SO MUCH PROMISE AND SO FEW ANSWERS.Depression and anxiety · 2015Pooled it
- Postmenopausal hormone therapy is not associated with risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease.Epidemiologic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- The 2012 hormone therapy position statement of: The North American Menopause Society.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2012Guideline
- Cognitive effects of estradiol after menopause: A randomized trial of the timing hypothesis.Neurology · 2016Trial
- Effects of Hormone Therapy on Cognition and Mood in Recently Postmenopausal Women: Findings from the Randomized, Controlled KEEPS-Cognitive and Affective Study.PLoS medicine · 2015Trial
- Cognitive function and fine motor speed in older women with diabetes mellitus: results from the women's health initiative study of cognitive aging.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2011Trial
- Differences in verbal memory performance in postmenopausal women receiving hormone therapy: 17β-estradiol versus conjugated equine estrogens.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2011Trial
- Differences in regional brain metabolism associated with specific formulations of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women at risk for AD.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2011Trial
- Short-term hormone therapy with transdermal estradiol improves cognition for postmenopausal women with Alzheimer's disease: results of a randomized controlled trial.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2011Trial
- Long-term effects of conjugated equine estrogen therapies on domain-specific cognitive function: results from the Women's Health Initiative study of cognitive aging extension.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2010Trial
- Postmenopausal hormone therapy and cognitive outcomes: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS).The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2010Trial
- Effects of Hormone Therapy on List and Story Recall in Post-Menopausal Women.Experimental aging researchTrial
- Not your mother's hormone therapy: Highly selective estrogen receptor beta agonists as next-generation therapies for menopausal symptom relief.Hormones and behavior · 2025Review
- Estradiol-mediated modulation of memory and of the underlying dendritic spine plasticity through the life span.Histology and histopathology · 2024Review
- The effect of hormone replacement therapy on cognition and mood.Clinical endocrinology · 2023Review
- Precision hormone therapy: identification of positive responders.Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextDifferent menopausal hormone therapies may have varied effects on specific cognitive functions. We previously reported that conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) with medroxyprogesterone acetate had a negative impact on verbal memory but tended to impact figural memory positively over time in older postmenopausal women.
objectiveThe objective of the study was to determine the effects of unopposed CEE on changes in domain-specific cognitive function and affect in older postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy.
designThis was a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
settingThe study was conducted at 14 of 40 Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical centers.
participantsParticipants were 886 postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy, aged 65 yr and older (mean 74 yr), free of probable dementia, and enrolled in the WHI and WHI Memory Study (WHIMS) CEE-Alone trial for a mean of 3 yr and followed up for a mean of 2.70 yr.
interventionIntervention was 0.625 mg of CEE daily or placebo.
main outcome measuresAnnual rates of change in specific cognitive functions and affect, adjusted for time since randomization, were measured.
resultsCompared with placebo, unopposed CEE was associated with lower spatial rotational ability (P < 0.01) at initial assessment (after 3 yr of treatment), a difference that diminished over 2.7 yr of continued treatment. CEE did not significantly influence change in other cognitive functions and affect.
conclusionsCEE did not improve cognitive functioning in postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy. CEE was associated with lower spatial rotational performance after an average of 3 yr of treatment. Overall, CEE does not appear to have enduring effects on rates of domain-specific cognitive change in older postmenopausal women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.