ReviewMolecular plant pathology2009
Fungal effector proteins: past, present and future.
Review in Molecular plant pathology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 371 citations in OpenAlex.
- A New Leaf Bacterial Disease of Foxtail Millet Caused byPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Eukaryotic metagenome-assembled genomes recovered from deep metagenomic sequencing of the seagrass,Microbial genomics · 2026Article
- Genome-wide prediction of secretory proteins in Ceratocystis paradoxa and expression analysis of effectors during early infection.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- A Fusarium sacchari Glycoside Hydrolase 12 Protein FsEG1 Is a Major Virulence Factor During Sugarcane Infection and Confers Resistance to Pokkah Boeng Disease via the HIGS Strategy.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Comparative genome analysis identifies necrosis-inducing effectors in the lentil pathogen Ascochyta lentis in isolates with distinct virulence profiles.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- The Multifaceted Menace ofBiology · 2026Review
- Research Progress on the Interaction Mechanism BetweenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Secretome-Wide Lysine Acetylation Profiling ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- A binary-distributed effector modulates fungal host preference for drosophilids by targeting a lineage-specific immune factor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Transposable elements create distinct genomic niches for effector evolution among Magnaporthe oryzae lineages.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Tracking of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Taxonomically Different Plant Fungi.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Identification and structural characterization of pseudogenes in Fusarium graminearum.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genomics Research on the Road of Studying Biology and Virulence of Cereal Rust Fungi.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Review
- Genome sequencing and analysis of isolates of Cytospora sorbicola and Cytospora plurivora associated with almond and peach canker.PloS one · 2025Article
- Decoding sugarcane smut: the role of effector SsEF83 in fungal virulence and plant interaction.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Comparative Genomics of Different Lifestyle Fungi in Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) Reveals Temperature and Ecosystem Adaptations.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Characterization of the CBM50 Gene Family inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Uncovering the Mechanisms: The Role of Biotrophic Fungi in Activating or Suppressing Plant Defense Responses.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Multi-Omics Approaches Provide New Insights into the Identification of Putative Fungal Effectors fromMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Transcriptome analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pioneering research of Harold Flor on flax and the flax rust fungus culminated in his gene-for-gene hypothesis. It took nearly 50 years before the first fungal avirulence (Avr) gene in support of his hypothesis was cloned. Initially, fungal Avr genes were identified by reverse genetics and map-based cloning from model organisms, but, currently, the availability of many sequenced fungal genomes allows their cloning from additional fungi by a combination of comparative and functional genomics. It is believed that most Avr genes encode effectors that facilitate virulence by suppressing pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and induce effector-triggered immunity in plants containing cognate resistance proteins. In resistant plants, effectors are directly or indirectly recognized by cognate resistance proteins that reside either on the plasma membrane or inside the plant cell. Indirect recognition of an effector (also known as the guard model) implies that the virulence target of an effector in the host (the guardee) is guarded by the resistance protein (the guard) that senses manipulation of the guardee, leading to activation of effector-triggered immunity. In this article, we review the literature on fungal effectors and some pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including those of some fungi for which no gene-for-gene relationship has been established.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.