ArticleAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2009
Results of gal-knockout porcine thymokidney xenografts.
Article in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Xenotransplantation: Current Understanding of the Mechanism of Immune-Mediated Injury.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Review
- Recent progress in xenotransplantation and its application to pediatric kidney disease.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin prolonged the survival of a porcine kidney xenograft in a sensitized, brain-dead human recipient.Chinese medical journal · 2025Article
- Thymic Mimetic Cells: Evolutionarily Ancient Mirrors of the Periphery.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Valved Conduits for Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction: A Review of Current Technologies and Future Directions.Pediatric cardiology · 2025Review
- Genetically modified pigs with α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout and beyond: a comprehensive review of xenotransplantation strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Pretransplant Screening for Prevention of Hyperacute Graft Loss in Pig-to-primate Kidney Xenotransplantation.Transplantation · 2024Article
- Physiological basis for xenotransplantation from genetically modified pigs to humans.Physiological reviews · 2024Review
- Anterior retroperitoneal approach in constructing thymokidney organs in swine for xenotransplantation.Frontiers in transplantation · 2024Article
- Human and Pig Pluripotent Stem Cells: From Cellular Products to Organogenesis and Beyond.Cells · 2023Review
- Developments in kidney xenotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Progress in xenotransplantation: overcoming immune barriers.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2022Review
- Expression of human CD47 in pig glomeruli prevents proteinuria and prolongs graft survival following pig-to-baboon xenotransplantation.Xenotransplantation · 2021Article
- Antibody reactivity with new antigens revealed in multi-transgenic triple knockout pigs may cause early loss of pig kidneys in baboons.Xenotransplantation · 2021Article
- The immune system in infants: Relevance to xenotransplantation.Pediatric transplantation · 2020Review
- Progress towards xenogenic tolerance.Current opinion in organ transplantation · 2020Review
- Reduced positive selection of a human TCR in a swine thymus using a humanized mouse model for xenotolerance induction.Xenotransplantation · 2020Article
- Transgenic expression of human CD47 reduces phagocytosis of porcine endothelial cells and podocytes by baboon and human macrophages.Xenotransplantation · 2020Article
- Transplanting organs from pigs to humans.Science immunology · 2019Review
- Preparation of hybrid porcine thymus containing non-human primate thymic epithelial cells in miniature swine.Xenotransplantation · 2019Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clinical transplantation for the treatment of end-stage organ disease is limited by a shortage of donor organs. Successful xenotransplantation could immediately overcome this limitation. The development of homozygous alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GalT-KO) pigs removed hyperacute rejection as the major immunologic hurdle to xenotransplantation. Nevertheless, GalT-KO organs stimulate robust immunologic responses that are not prevented by immunosuppressive drugs. Murine studies show that recipient thymopoiesis in thymic xenografts induces xenotolerance. We transplanted life-supporting composite thymokidneys (composite thymus and kidneys) prepared in GalT-KO miniature swine to baboons in an attempt to induce tolerance in a preclinical xenotransplant model. Here, we report the results of seven xenogenic thymokidney transplants using a steroid-free immunosuppressive regimen that eliminated whole-body irradiation in all but one recipient. The regimen resulted in average recipient survival of over 50 days. This was associated with donor-specific unresponsiveness in vitro and early baboon thymopoiesis in the porcine thymus tissue of these grafts, suggesting the development of T-cell tolerance. The kidney grafts had no signs of cellular infiltration or deposition of IgG, and no grafts were lost due to rejection. These results show that xenogeneic thymus transplantation can support early primate thymopoiesis, which in turn may induce T-cell tolerance to solid organ xenografts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.