ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Destruction of spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi round-body propagules (RBs) by the antibiotic tigecycline.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of Borrelia burgdorferi morphologic variants does not support a role in chronic Lyme disease.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Pooled it
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- Extracellular DNA filaments associated with surface polysaccharide II give Clostridioides difficile biofilm matrix a network-like structure.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial cyclic peptides effectively inhibit multiple forms of Borrelia and cross the blood-brain barrier model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Antigenicity and immunogenicity of different morphological forms of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Round Bodies Detected by Treponema pallidum Immunohistochemical Stain in Two Cases of Cutaneous Syphilitic Gummata.The American Journal of dermatopathology · 2024Article
- Constructing an ELISA for Detection of Anti-Borrelia in Wildlife and Agricultural Animals.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- mFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
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- Electrochemical Detection ofACS measurement science au · 2023Article
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- Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, possesses genetically-encoded responses to doxycycline, but not to amoxicillin.PloS one · 2022Article
- Dermatological and Genital Manifestations of Lyme Disease Including Morgellons Disease.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2021Article
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- Lyme Disease Frontiers: ReconcilingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- The Long-Term Persistence ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Metamorphoses of Lyme disease spirochetes: phenomenon of Borrelia persisters.Parasites & vectors · 2019Review
- The Emerging Role of Microbial Biofilm in Lyme Neuroborreliosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2018Review
- Antimicrobial Activity of Bee Venom and Melittin against Borrelia burgdorferi.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Pleomorphism and Viability of the Lyme Disease PathogenFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Persistence of tissue spirochetes of Borrelia burgdorferi as helices and round bodies (RBs) explains many erythema-Lyme disease symptoms. Spirochete RBs (reproductive propagules also called coccoid bodies, globular bodies, spherical bodies, granules, cysts, L-forms, sphaeroplasts, or vesicles) are induced by environmental conditions unfavorable for growth. Viable, they grow, move and reversibly convert into motile helices. Reversible pleiomorphy was recorded in at least six spirochete genera (>12 species). Penicillin solution is one unfavorable condition that induces RBs. This antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis cures neither the second "Great Imitator" (Lyme borreliosis) nor the first: syphilis. Molecular-microscopic techniques, in principle, can detect in animals (insects, ticks, and mammals, including patients) helices and RBs of live spirochetes. Genome sequences of B. burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum spirochetes show absence of >75% of genes in comparison with their free-living relatives. Irreversible integration of spirochetes at behavioral, metabolic, gene product and genetic levels into animal tissue has been documented. Irreversible integration of spirochetes may severely impair immunological response such that they persist undetected in tissue. We report in vitro inhibition and destruction of B. burgdorferi (helices, RBs = "cysts") by the antibiotic Tigecycline (TG; Wyeth), a glycylcycline protein-synthesis inhibitor (of both 30S and 70S ribosome subunits). Studies of the pleiomorphic life history stages in response to TG of both B. burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum in vivo and in vitro are strongly encouraged.
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