ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2009
Which practices are high antibiotic prescribers? A cross-sectional analysis.
Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care tests for acute respiratory infection: a systematic review of reviews.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Results from a Patient-Based Health Education Intervention in Reducing Antibiotic Use for Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in the Private Sector Primary Care Setting in Singapore.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Trial
- Provision of social norm feedback to high prescribers of antibiotics in general practice: a pragmatic national randomised controlled trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2016Trial
- Factors influencing antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections in primary care - a comparison of physicians with different antibiotic prescribing rates.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2024Article
- GPs' Perspective on a Multimodal Intervention to Enhance Guideline-Adherence in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections: A Qualitative Process Evaluation of the Multicentric RedAres Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Do Patients' Psychosocial Characteristics Impact Antibiotic Prescription Rates?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Early Life Antibiotic Prescription for Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Is Associated With Higher Antibiotic Use in Childhood.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2022Article
- Variation of GP antibiotic prescribing tendency for contacts with out-of-hours primary care in Denmark - a cross-sectional register-based study.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2022Article
- Feedback of actionable individual patient prescription data to improve asthma prescribing: pragmatic cluster randomised trial in 233 UK general practices.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2022Article
- Estimating variations in the use of antibiotics in primary care: Insights from the Tuscany region, Italy.The International journal of health planning and management · 2022Article
- Trends, Variation, and Factors Influencing Antibiotic Prescribing: A Longitudinal Study in Primary Care Using a Multilevel Modelling Approach.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Social and Contextual Influences on Antibiotic Prescribing and Antimicrobial Stewardship: A Qualitative Study with Clinical Commissioning Group and General Practice Professionals.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- An examination of trends in antibiotic prescribing in primary care and the association with area-level deprivation in England.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Practice-Level Association between Antibiotic Prescribing and Resistance: An Observational Study in Primary Care.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Prevalence of Antibiotics Prescription and Assessment of Prescribed Daily Dose in Outpatients from Mexico City.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- General practitioners' accounts of negotiating antibiotic prescribing decisions with patients: a qualitative study on what influences antibiotic prescribing in low, medium and high prescribing practices.BMC family practice · 2019Article
- Antibiotic prescribing for common infections in UK general practice: variability and drivers.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2019Observational
- Article
- Relationship between prescribing of antibiotics and other medicines in primary care: a cross-sectional study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2019Article
- Identifying English Practices that Are High Antibiotic Prescribers Accounting for Comorbidities and Other Legitimate Medical Reasons for Variation.EClinicalMedicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSubstantial variation in antibiotic prescribing rates between general practices persists, but remains unexplained at national level.
aimTo establish the degree of variation in antibiotic prescribing between practices in England and identify the characteristics of practices that prescribe higher volumes of antibiotics. DESIGN OF STUDY: Cross-sectional study.
setting8057 general practices in England.
methodA dataset was constructed containing data on standardised antibiotic prescribing volumes, practice characteristics, patient morbidity, ethnicity, social deprivation, and Quality and Outcomes Framework achievement (2004-2005). Data were analysed using multiple regression modelling.
resultsThere was a twofold difference in standardised antibiotic prescribing volumes between practices in the 10th and 90th centiles of the sample (0.48 versus 0.95 antibiotic prescriptions per antibiotic STAR-PU [Specific Therapeutic group Age-sex weightings-Related Prescribing Unit]). A regression model containing nine variables explained 17.2% of the variance in antibiotic prescribing. Practice location in the north of England was the strongest predictor of high antibiotic prescribing. Practices serving populations with greater morbidity and a higher proportion of white patients prescribed more antibiotics, as did practices with shorter appointments, non-training practices, and practices with higher proportions of GPs who were male, >45 years of age, and qualified outside the UK.
conclusionPractice and practice population characteristics explained about one-sixth of the variation in antibiotic prescribing nationally. Consultation-level and qualitative studies are needed to help further explain these findings and improve our understanding of this variation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.