Trial reportProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Mechanisms of human insulin resistance and thiazolidinedione-mediated insulin sensitization.
Trial report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 176 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta- and cross-species analyses of insulin resistance based on gene expression datasets in human white adipose tissues.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Time-Restricted Eating Promotes Weight Loss and Favorable Changes in Adipose in Obesity: The TREAD Randomized Control Trial.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Trial
- Effects of an Encapsulated Fruit and Vegetable Juice Concentrate on Obesity-Induced Systemic Inflammation: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2017Trial
- Effect of insulin sensitizer therapy on amino acids and their metabolites.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2015Trial
- Branched-chain amino acid levels are associated with improvement in insulin resistance with weight loss.Diabetologia · 2012Trial
- Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia in kidney disease: mechanisms and metabolic effects.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- A full-length single nuclei transcriptomic atlas of human skeletal muscle insulin resistance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Isoleucine and valine regulate the BCAA antagonism by influencing insulin function in broiler chickens.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance and Their Performance as Predictors of Treatment Response in Overweight Adults.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Transcripts with high distal heritability mediate genetic effects on complex metabolic traits.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Genome-wide discovery and integrative genomic characterization of insulin resistance loci using serum triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio as a proxy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The role of BCAA metabolism in metabolic health and disease.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Transcriptomics for Clinical and Experimental Biology Research: Hang on a Seq.Advanced genetics (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Review
- Biomarkers to Be Used for Decision of Treatment of Hypogonadal Men with or without Insulin Resistance.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Effects of Cadmium on Liver Function and Its Metabolomics Profile in the Guizhou Black Goat.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Modelling metabolic diseases and drug response using stem cells and organoids.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- On the Need to Distinguish between Insulin-Normal and Insulin-Resistant Patients in Testosterone Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cellular and tissue defects associated with insulin resistance are coincident with transcriptional abnormalities and are improved after insulin sensitization with thiazolidinedione (TZD) PPARgamma ligands. We characterized 72 human subjects by relating their clinical phenotypes with functional pathway alterations. We transcriptionally profiled 364 biopsies harvested before and after hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, at baseline and after 3-month TZD treatment. We have identified molecular and functional characteristics of insulin resistant subjects and distinctions between TZD treatment responder and nonresponder subjects. Insulin resistant subjects exhibited alterations in skeletal muscle (e.g., glycolytic flux and intramuscular adipocytes) and adipose tissue (e.g., mitochondrial metabolism and inflammation) that improved relative to TZD-induced insulin sensitization. Pre-TZD treatment expression of MLXIP in muscle and HLA-DRB1 in adipose tissue from insulin resistant subjects was linearly predictive of post-TZD insulin sensitization. We have uniquely characterized coordinated cellular and tissue functional pathways that are characteristic of insulin resistance, TZD-induced insulin sensitization, and potential TZD responsiveness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.