ReviewNeuron2009
The neurology of the immune system: neural reflexes regulate immunity.
Review in Neuron, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 219 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secondary outcomes of a behavioral sleep intervention: A randomized clinical trial.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2019Trial
- Voluntary attention regulates acute immune responses in humans.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Aortic baroreceptor afferents as sensors for systemic inflammation.Basic research in cardiology · 2026Article
- Microbiota, systemic immunity, and extracellular vesicles in stroke: peripheral nodes as therapeutic leverage points.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Brain-cancer interactions outside the CNS.Oncogene · 2026Review
- Neuroendocrine-immune perturbations in metabolic disease: pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- The Gut-Brain Axis-From Science to Clinical Practice.Gastro hep advances · 2026Review
- The immunology of stroke and dementia.Immunity · 2025Review
- Microglia in the aged brain develop a hypoactive molecular phenotype after surgery.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- The immunomodulatory effect of oral NaHCOJournal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Investigating the structural network underlying brain-immune interactions using combined histopathology and neuroimaging: a critical review for its relevance in acute and long COVID-19.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Article
- T cells: an emerging cast of roles in bipolar disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2023Review
- Characterization and Functional Analysis of Toll Receptor Genes during Antibacterial Immunity in the Green Peach AphidInsects · 2023Article
- Article
- The immunomodulatory mechanisms for acupuncture practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Syntaxin interacts with arachidonic acid to prevent diabetes mellitus.Lipids in health and disease · 2022Article
- Fast Maturation of Splenic Dendritic Cells Upon TBI Is Associated With FLT3/FLT3L Signaling.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Dynamic causal modelling of immune heterogeneity.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- UPEC kidney infection triggers neuro-immune communication leading to modulation of local renal inflammation by splenic IFNγ.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Parallel advances in neuroscience and immunology established the anatomical and cellular basis for bidirectional interactions between the nervous and immune systems. Like other physiological systems, the immune system--and the development of immunity--is modulated by neural reflexes. A prototypical example is the inflammatory reflex, comprised of an afferent arm that senses inflammation and an efferent arm, the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, that inhibits innate immune responses. This mechanism is dependent on the alpha7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which inhibits NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and suppresses cytokine release by monocytes and macrophages. Here we summarize evidence showing that innate immunity is reflexive. Future advances will come from applying an integrative physiology approach that utilizes methods adapted from neuroscience and immunology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.