Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19839722›Full record

ArticleHuman gene therapy2010

Electrically mediated delivery of plasmid DNA to the skin, using a multielectrode array.

Richard Heller, Yolmari Cruz, Loree C Heller, Richard A Gilbert, Mark J Jaroszeski

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human gene therapy, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Safety and tolerability of the Easy Vax™ clinical epidermal electroporation system in healthy adults.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2012
    Trial
  2. Article
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  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Synergistic effects of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet and pulsed electric field on cells and skin.IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society · 2021
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Direct Current Helium Plasma forPlasma medicine · 2017
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Richard HellerFrank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA. rheller@odu.edu
Yolmari Cruz
Loree C Heller
Richard A Gilbert
Mark J Jaroszeski
Old Dominion University · US

Funding

Electroporation System for Cutaneous Gene TransferR01EB005441 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI HELLER, RICHARD · 2006 to 2009
$1.3M
IN VIVO DELIVERY OF GENES TO SKINR21DK055588 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI HELLER, RICHARD · 2000 to 2001
$287k
NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB005441NIDDK NIH HHS R21 DK055588
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The easy accessibility of skin makes it an excellent target for gene transfer protocols. To take full advantage of skin as a target for gene transfer, it is important to establish an efficient and reproducible delivery system. Electroporation is a strong candidate to meet this delivery criterion. Electroporation of the skin is a simple, direct, in vivo method to deliver genes for therapy. Previously, delivery to the skin was performed by means of applicators with relatively large distances between electrodes, resulting in significant muscle stimulation and pain. These applicators also had limitations in controlling the directionality of the applied field. To resolve this issue, a system consisting of an array of electrodes that decreased the distance between them and that were independently addressable for directional control of the field was developed. This new multielectrode array (MEA) was compared with an established electrode. In a rat model, comparable reporter expression was seen after delivery with each electrode. Delivery was also evaluated in a guinea pig model to determine the potential of this approach in an animal model with skin thickness and structure similar to human skin. The results clearly showed that effective delivery was related to both the electrode and the parameters chosen. With the MEA, the muscle twitching associated with application of electric fields was notably reduced compared with conventional electrode systems. This is important, as it will facilitate the translation of electroporation-mediated gene delivery to skin for clinical use with DNA vaccines or for therapies for cancer or protein deficiencies.

Indexed as

ElectrodesAnimalsDNAElectroporationFemaleGuinea PigsHumansLuciferasesMalePlasmidsRatsRats, Sprague-DawleySkinDNALuciferases

Identifiers

PMID19839722
PMCPMC2865213
OpenAlexW2016101110

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.