ReviewNutrition and cancer2009
Well-done meat intake, heterocyclic amine exposure, and cancer risk.
Review in Nutrition and cancer, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 262 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toward Explainable Carcinogenicity Prediction: An Integrated Cheminformatics Approach and Consensus Framework for Possibly Carcinogenic Chemicals.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Guideline
- Associations Between Dietary Factors and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Evidence from the MENA Region.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary meat mutagens intake and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Dietary Intake of Meat Cooking-Related Mutagens (HCAs) and Risk of Colorectal Adenoma and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2017Pooled it
- Dietary Protein Sources and Incidence of Breast Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Nutrients · 2016Pooled it
- A review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of red and processed meat, meat cooking methods, heme iron, heterocyclic amines and prostate cancer.Nutrition journal · 2015Pooled it
- Egg consumption and risk of GI neoplasms: dose-response meta-analysis and systematic review.European journal of nutrition · 2014Pooled it
- Testing front-of-package warnings to discourage red meat consumption: a randomized experiment with US meat consumers.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Modulation of protein fermentation does not affect fecal water toxicity: a randomized cross-over study in healthy subjects.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Frequent Detection of Abasic Sites andChemical research in toxicology · 2026Article
- Lifestyle and environmental risk factors associated with cancer: A case-control study in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2026Article
- European Code Against Cancer, 5th edition - diet, excess body weight, physical activity, sedentary behavior, breastfeeding, and cancer.Molecular oncology · 2026Review
- Cancer Prevention and Therapy With Nutritional Science: Addressing the Gap in Medical Education and Practice.MedComm · 2025Review
- Health effects associated with consumption of processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages and trans fatty acids: a Burden of Proof study.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Red meat intake interacts with a TGF-β-pathway-based polygenic risk score to impact colorectal cancer risk: Application of a novel approach for polygenic risk score construction.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Global burden of disease changes related to high red meat diets and breast cancer from 1990 to 2021 and its prediction up to 2030.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Cell Membrane Fatty Acids and PIPs Modulate the Etiology of Pancreatic Cancer by Regulating AKT.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Causal roles of dietary structure and types on prostate cancer risk: A mendelian randomization study.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Dietary patterns, cooking methods and breast cancer risk in Mexico: An exploratory case-control study.Nutrition and health · 2024Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
High intake of meat, particularly red and processed meat, has been associated with an increased risk of a number of common cancers such as breast, colorectum, and prostate in many epidemiological studies. Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are a group of mutagenic compounds found in cooked meats, particularly well-done meats. HCAs are some of most potent mutagens detected using the Ames/salmonella tests and have been clearly shown to induce tumors in experimental animal models. Over the past 10 years, an increasing number of epidemiological studies have evaluated the association of well-done meat intake and meat carcinogen exposure with cancer risk. The results from these epidemiologic studies were evaluated and summarized in this review. The majority of these studies have shown that high intake of well-done meat and high exposure to meat carcinogens, particularly HCAs, may increase the risk of human cancer.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.