ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2010
Pregnancy, contraceptive use, and HIV acquisition in HPTN 039: relevance for HIV prevention trials among African women.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00076232 (A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Acyclovir for the Reduction of HIV Acquisition Among High-Risk HSV-2 Seropositive, HIV Seronegative Individuals), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Acyclovir for the Reduction of HIV Acquisition Among High-Risk HSV-2 Seropositive, HIV Seronegative Individuals
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incident HIV among pregnant and breast-feeding women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Pooled it
- An updated systematic review of epidemiological evidence on hormonal contraceptive methods and HIV acquisition in women.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Pooled it
- Hormonal contraceptive use and women's risk of HIV acquisition: a meta-analysis of observational studies.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2015Pooled it
- Hormonal contraception and the risk of HIV acquisition: an individual participant data meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Incident HIV during pregnancy and postpartum and risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Contraceptive Use and Pregnancy Incidence Among Women Participating in an HIV Prevention Trial.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2017Trial
- Lower concentrations of chemotactic cytokines and soluble innate factors in the lower female genital tract associated with the use of injectable hormonal contraceptive.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2015Trial
- Changes in genital tract immune cell populations after initiation of intrauterine contraception.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2014Trial
- High medication adherence during periconception periods among HIV-1-uninfected women participating in a clinical trial of antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2014Trial
- Contraceptive adherence among HIV-infected women in Malawi: a randomized controlled trial of the copper intrauterine device and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate.Contraception · 2013Trial
- Risk behavior among women enrolled in a randomized controlled efficacy trial of an adenoviral vector vaccine to prevent HIV acquisition.AIDS (London, England) · 2013Trial
- Trial
- Pregnancy and contraceptive use among women participating in an HIV prevention trial in Tanzania.Sexually transmitted infections · 2012Trial
- Contraceptive method and pregnancy incidence among women in HIV-1-serodiscordant partnerships.AIDS (London, England) · 2012Trial
- Pregnancy incidence and correlates during the HVTN 503 Phambili HIV vaccine trial conducted among South African women.PloS one · 2012Trial
- Contraceptive choices, pregnancy rates, and outcomes in a microbicide trial.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2011Trial
- Contraceptive efficacy of oral and transdermal hormones when co-administered with protease inhibitors in HIV-1-infected women: pharmacokinetic results of ACTG trial A5188.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2010Trial
- Trial
- Pregnancy and contraceptive use among participants of childbearing potential in the HVTN 705 HIV vaccine trial in Southern Africa.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBiomedical HIV prevention trials enroll sexually active women at risk of HIV and often discontinue study product during pregnancy. We assessed risk factors for pregnancy and HIV acquisition, and the effect of pregnancy on time off study drug in HIV Prevention Trials Network 039.
methodsA total of 1358 HIV negative, herpes simplex virus type 2-seropositive women from South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe were enrolled and followed for up to 18 months.
resultsA total of 228 pregnancies occurred; time off study drug due to pregnancy accounted for 4% of woman-years of follow-up among women. Being pregnant was not associated with increased HIV risk (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.23-1.80, P = 0.40). However, younger age was associated with increased risk for both pregnancy and HIV. There was no association between condom use as a sole contraceptive and reduced pregnancy incidence; hormonal contraception was not associated with increased HIV risk. Bacterial vaginosis at study entry was associated with increased HIV risk (hazard ratio 2.03, P = 0.02).
conclusionsPregnancy resulted in only a small amount of woman-time off study drug. Young women are at high risk for HIV and are an appropriate population for HIV prevention trials but also have higher risk of pregnancy. Condom use was not associated with reduced incidence of pregnancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.