Trial reportStroke2009
Functional electrical stimulation of ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor muscles: effects on poststroke gait.
Trial report in Stroke, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dynamic Splinting for Excessive Plantarflexion in Patients With Spastic Hemiplegia: A Randomized, Controlled Study of Gait Analysis
Effects of an Overground Propulsion Neuroprosthesis in Community-dwelling Individuals After Stroke
Wearable Gait Interventions for Augmenting Paretic Propulsion: Towards Personalized Post-Stroke Gait Rehabilitation
Neurostimulation Exosuit Augmented Training (NEAT) in the Clinic Using a Wearable Propulsion Neuroprosthesis
Comparison of High Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) for the Treatment of Plantar Flexor Spasticity in Post-Stroke Patients
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Gait Characteristics in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Novel lower limb robot-assisted gait phase stimulation enhances walking and balance in stroke patients: a pilot trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- High-Intensity Gait Training With Functional Electrical Stimulation Enhances Corticospinal Excitability of Paretic Ankle Muscles in Individuals Post-Stroke.Neural plasticity · 2025Trial
- A Randomized Clinical Trial of a Functional Electrical Stimulation Mimic to Gait Promotes Motor Recovery and Brain Remodeling in Acute Stroke.Behavioural neurology · 2018Trial
- Effects of unilateral real-time biofeedback on propulsive forces during gait.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2017Trial
- Reducing The Cost of Transport and Increasing Walking Distance After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Fast Locomotor Training Combined With Functional Electrical Stimulation.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2016Trial
- The effectiveness of functional electrical stimulation based on a normal gait pattern on subjects with early stroke: a randomized controlled trial.BioMed research international · 2014Trial
- EMG of the tibialis anterior demonstrates a training effect after utilization of a foot drop stimulator.NeuroRehabilitation · 2014Trial
- Acceptability and potential effectiveness of a foot drop stimulator in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2012Trial
- Biomechanical energy harvesting to improve post-stroke mobility.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Neuromechanical gait signatures reveal holistic biomechanical responses to walking speed modulation in stroke survivors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effects of Belt Accelerations During Push-Off on Propulsion Mechanics in Individuals Post-Stroke.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2026Article
- Functional Electrical Stimulation of the Plantarflexor Muscle During Walking Leads to a Proximal-to-Distal Redistribution of Lower Limb Joint Work.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Deficit in intersegmental torques drives post-stroke stiff-knee gait.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Koopman-Based Model Predictive Control of Functional Electrical Stimulation for Ankle Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion Assistance.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2025Article
- Study on the motor development and biomechanical characteristics of children aged 3-5 years.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Multi-Modal Sensing for Propulsion Estimation in People Post-Stroke Across Speeds.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2025Article
- We Will, We Will Shock You: Adaptive Versus Conventional Functional Electrical Stimulation in Individuals Post-Stroke.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2024Article
- Enhanced phasic calf muscle activation with swing resistance enhances propulsion of the paretic leg in people poststroke.Journal of neurophysiology · 2024Article
- A new modular neuroprosthesis suitable for hybrid FES-robot applications and tailored assistance.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) is a popular poststroke gait rehabilitation intervention. Although stroke causes multijoint gait deficits, FES is commonly used only for the correction of swing-phase foot drop. Ankle plantarflexor muscles play an important role during gait. The aim of the current study was to test the immediate effects of delivering FES to both ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors on poststroke gait.
methodsGait analysis was performed as subjects (N=13) with chronic poststroke hemiparesis walked at their self-selected walking speeds during walking with and without FES.
resultsCompared with delivering FES to only the ankle dorsiflexor muscles during the swing phase, delivering FES to both the paretic ankle plantarflexors during terminal stance and dorsiflexors during the swing phase provided the advantage of greater swing-phase knee flexion, greater ankle plantarflexion angle at toe-off, and greater forward propulsion. Although FES of both the dorsiflexor and plantarflexor muscles improved swing-phase ankle dorsiflexion compared with noFES, the improvement was less than that observed by stimulating the dorsiflexors alone, suggesting the need to further optimize stimulation parameters and timing for the dorsiflexor muscles during gait.
conclusionsIn contrast to the typical FES approach of stimulating ankle dorsiflexor muscles only during the swing phase, delivering FES to both the plantarflexor and dorsiflexor muscles can help to correct poststroke gait deficits at multiple joints (ankle and knee) during both the swing and stance phases of gait. Our study shows the feasibility and advantages of stimulating the ankle plantarflexors during FES for poststroke gait.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.