ArticleGenes & development2009
A novel membrane fusion-mediated plant immunity against bacterial pathogens.
Article in Genes & development, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 293 citations in OpenAlex.
- The front line of defence: a meta-analysis of apoplastic proteases in plant immunity.Journal of experimental botany · 2021Pooled it
- NbRD21 protease controls receptor kinase homeostasis in Nicotiana benthamiana.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Plant-derived nanovesicles: the intelligent nanoplatforms for therapeutics and drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Entanglement of plant immunity and endomembrane trafficking revealed by plant-powdery mildew fungal interactions.The New phytologist · 2026Review
- Green Nanodrugs: Research Progress and Challenges of Plant-Derived Nanovesicles in Tumor Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Structural and Functional Characterization of EXPO-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Plants.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles in Skin Tissue Regeneration.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- From Nature to Nanomedicine: Engineered Plant-Derived Nanovesicles for Skin Disease.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles in skin and bone tissue engineering: current status, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Exosome-Like Nanoparticles: Mechanisms of Cross-Kingdom Regulation and Perspectives as Natural Drug Carriers for Disease Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- From Biomedical Mechanisms to Clinical Applications: Research Progress in Plant-Derived Vesicles for Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Whole Genome Sequence ofMycobiology · 2026Article
- Plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles for immunomodulation: Mechanisms and applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Research Progress and Preclinical Prospects of Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Targeted Delivery of Antitumor Drugs.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Engineered plant extracellular vesicles: Emerging nanoplatforms for combinational cancer immunotherapy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Vacuolar sorting receptors coordinate lytic vacuolar and autophagic transport for plant effector-triggered immunity.Nature plants · 2025Article
- The potential of plant-derived vesicles in treating periodontitis and associated systemic diseases: current advances and future directions.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- A New Perspective on Regenerative Medicine: Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Plant-Derived Nanovesicles: A Promising Frontier in Tissue Repair and Antiaging.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Review
- Sporophyte-directed gametogenesis in Arabidopsis.Nature plants · 2025Article
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plants have developed their own defense strategies because they have no immune cells. A common plant defense strategy involves programmed cell death (PCD) at the infection site, but how the PCD-associated cell-autonomous immunity is executed in plants is not fully understood. Here we provide a novel mechanism underlying cell-autonomous immunity, which involves the fusion of membranes of a large central vacuole with the plasma membrane, resulting in the discharge of vacuolar antibacterial proteins to the outside of the cells, where bacteria proliferate. The extracellular fluid that was discharged from the vacuoles of infected leaves had both antibacterial activity and cell death-inducing activity. We found that a defect in proteasome function abolished the membrane fusion associated with both disease resistance and PCD in response to avirulent bacterial strains but not to a virulent strain. Furthermore, RNAi plants with a defective proteasome subunit PBA1 have reduced DEVDase activity, which is an activity associated with caspase-3, one of the executors of animal apoptosis. The plant counterpart of caspase-3 has not yet been identified. Our results suggest that PBA1 acts as a plant caspase-3-like enzyme. Thus, this novel defense strategy through proteasome-regulating membrane fusion of the vacuolar and plasma membranes provides plants with a mechanism for attacking intercellular bacterial pathogens.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.