ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
RANKL is necessary and sufficient to initiate development of antigen-sampling M cells in the intestinal epithelium.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 309 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Immunogenicity and Safety of the Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccines M72/AS01Frontiers in immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Identification of novel genes selectively expressed in the follicle-associated epithelium from the meta-analysis of transcriptomics data from multiple mouse cell and tissue populations.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2012Pooled it
- Trial
- Intestinal uptake regulates T cell responses to dietary antigens.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Peyer's patch M cells organize an epithelial niche that sustains group 3 innate lymphoid cells and IL-22.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- TheCells · 2026Article
- Pglyrp1-Cre marks distinct epithelial and immune lineages across mucosal sites.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Rank-dependent control of tuft and BEST4 cell development in the intestine.Nature communications · 2026Article
- RANKL inhibits macrophage proinflammatory Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 signaling and impairs killing of intracellular bacteria.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- Aged Gut Microbiota Induces Mucosal Transcriptional Dysregulation, Impairing Immune Surveillance.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Teleost intestinal microfold cells: identification, characterization, and mucosal antigen sampling in olive flounder (Marine life science & technology · 2026Article
- Fibroblast diversity within human gut-associated lymphoid tissues.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Dietary Antigen Interaction with Intestinal Epithelial Cells.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Noncanonical NF-κB pathway driven inflammation across multiple cellular compartments identifies NIK as a therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pglyrp1-Cre Marks Distinct Epithelial and Immune Lineages Across Mucosal Sites.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue: a review of its development and function, including recent findings on the impact of environmental particulate exposure.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Intestinal organoid models as tools to interrogate the physiology of human mucosal tissues and host-microbe interactions.mSphere · 2025Review
- Effects of embryonic origin, tissue cues and pathological signals on fibroblast diversity in humans.Nature cell biology · 2025Review
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Microfold cells (M cells) are specialized epithelial cells situated over Peyer's patches (PP) and other organized mucosal lymphoid tissues that transport commensal bacteria and other particulate Ags into intraepithelial pockets accessed by APCs. The TNF superfamily member receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) is selectively expressed by subepithelial stromal cells in PP domes. We found that RANKL null mice have <2% of wild-type levels of PP M cells and markedly diminished uptake of 200 nm diameter fluorescent beads. Ab-mediated neutralization of RANKL in adult wild-type mice also eliminated most PP M cells. The M cell deficit in RANKL null mice was corrected by systemic administration of exogenous RANKL. Treatment with RANKL also induced the differentiation of villous M cells on all small intestinal villi with the capacity for avid uptake of Salmonella and Yersinia organisms and fluorescent beads. The RANK receptor for RANKL is expressed by epithelial cells throughout the small intestine. We conclude that availability of RANKL is the critical factor controlling the differentiation of M cells from RANK-expressing intestinal epithelial precursor cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.