Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19828309›Full record

ReviewCurrent opinion in neurobiology2009

New photochemical tools for controlling neuronal activity.

Richard H Kramer, Doris L Fortin, Dirk Trauner

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Current opinion in neurobiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed
7.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 157 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Study on Recovery Strategy of Hearing Loss & SGN Regeneration Under Physical Regulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Light: A Magical Tool for Controlled Drug Delivery.Advanced functional materials · 2020
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Caged Proline in Photoinitiated Organocatalysis.The Journal of organic chemistry · 2019
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Genetic Code Expansion and Optoproteomics.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2017
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Biomedical optics express · 2016
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Richard H KramerDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States. rhkramer@berkeley.edu
Doris L Fortin
Dirk Trauner
University of California, Berkeley · USLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München · DE

Funding

NDC for the Optical Control of Biological FunctionPN2EY018241 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI ISACOFF, EHUD · 2006 to 2015
$37.5M
UC Berkeley Vision Science COREP30EY003176 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI RICHARD H KRAMER · 1985 to 2026
$16.4M
Optical studies of the cone photoreceptor synapseR01EY015514 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI KRAMER, RICHARD H · 2004 to 2014
$4.1M
Light-activated ion chanenls for remote control of neuronal activityR01EY018957 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI KRAMER, RICHARD H · 2008 to 2011
$1.6M
A universal photoswitch system for optical control of neuronal receptorsR01MH088484 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY · PI KRAMER, RICHARD H · 2009 to 2012
$1.2M
NEI NIH HHS EY018957NEI NIH HHS P30 EY003176NEI NIH HHS PN2 EY018241NEI NIH HHS PN2EY018241NEI NIH HHS R01 EY015514NEI NIH HHS R01 EY018957NIMH NIH HHS MH088484NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH088484
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurobiology has entered a new era in which optical methods are challenging electrophysiological techniques for their value in measuring and manipulating neuronal activity. This change is occurring largely because of the development of new photochemical tools, some synthesized by chemists and some provided by nature. This review is focused on the three types of photochemical tools for neuronal control that have emerged in recent years. Caged neurotransmitters, including caged glutamate, are synthetic molecules that enable highly localized activation of neurotransmitter receptors in response to light. Natural photosensitive proteins, including channelrhodopsin-2 and halorhodopsin, can be exogenously expressed in neurons and enable rapid photocontrol of action potential firing. Synthetic small molecule photoswitches can bestow light-sensitivity on native or exogenously expressed proteins, including K(+) channels and glutamate receptors, allowing photocontrol of action potential firing and synaptic events. At a rapid pace, these tools are being improved and new tools are being introduced, thanks to molecular biology and synthetic chemistry. The three families of photochemical tools have different capabilities and uses, but they all share in enabling precise and noninvasive exploration of neural function with light.

Indexed as

AnimalsNeuronsNeurotransmitter AgentsPhotic StimulationPhotochemistryNeurotransmitter Agents

Identifiers

PMID19828309
PMCPMC2788492
OpenAlexW2071676133

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.