ArticleThorax2010
Diagnostic importance of pulmonary interleukin-1beta and interleukin-8 in ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Article in Thorax, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 68 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers in lower respiratory tract samples in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review of studies investigating ventilator associated pneumonia diagnostics in intensive care.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Diagnostic value of sTREM-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in ICU patients with bacterial lung infections: a bivariate meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Biomarker-guided antibiotic stewardship in suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAPrapid2): a randomised controlled trial and process evaluation.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2020Trial
- 16S pan-bacterial PCR can accurately identify patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.Thorax · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Hospital-Acquired/Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pulmonary inflammation in severe pneumonia is characterised by compartmentalised and mechanistically distinct sub-phenotypes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Systemic corticosteroids for severe community-acquired pneumonia: a narrative review of mechanisms and critical appraisal of recent trials in ICU.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Alveolar Immune Profiling Identifies Distinct Subphenotypes of Acute Respiratory Failure.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Alveolar dysregulation of host response in pneumonia and ARDS: implications for immune modulation and infection.Annals of intensive care · 2026Review
- Longitudinal analysis of lung microbiome, immune response, and metabolism in ventilator-associated pneumonia: a cohort study.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Hypothermia protects against ventilator-induced lung injury by limiting IL-1β release and NETs formation.eLife · 2025Article
- Hypothermia protects against ventilator-induced lung injury by limiting IL-1β release and NETs formation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Baseline Characteristics of Bronchial Secretions and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Considering local immunity for innovative immunomodulatory approaches: pulmonary sepsis as a use case.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Microbial dynamics and pulmonary immune responses in COVID-19 secondary bacterial pneumonia.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Controlled human exposures: a review and comparison of the health effects of diesel exhaust and wood smoke.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2024Review
- A breath-based in vitro diagnostic assay for the detection of lower respiratory tract infections.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia: pathobiological heterogeneity and diagnostic challenges.Nature communications · 2024Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most commonly fatal nosocomial infection. Clinical diagnosis of VAP remains notoriously inaccurate. The hypothesis was tested that significantly augmented inflammatory markers distinguish VAP from conditions closely mimicking VAP.
methodsA prospective, observational cohort study was carried out in two university hospital intensive care units recruiting 73 patients with clinically suspected VAP, and a semi-urban primary care practice recruiting a reference group of 21 age- and sex-matched volunteers. Growth of pathogens at >10(4) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) distinguished VAP from "non-VAP". Inflammatory mediators were quantified in BALF and serum. Mediators showing significant differences between patients with and without VAP were analysed for diagnostic utility by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.
resultsSeventy-two patients had recoverable lavage-24% had VAP. BALF interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-8, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha were significantly higher in the VAP group (all p<0.005). Using a cut-off of 10 pg/ml, BALF IL-1beta generated negative likelihood ratios for VAP of 0.09. In patients with BALF IL-1beta <10 pg/ml the post-test probability of VAP was 2.8%. Using a cut-off value for IL-8 of 2 ng/ml, the positive likelihood ratio was 5.03. There was no difference in cytokine levels between patients with sterile BALF and those with growth of <10(4) cfu/ml.
conclusionsBALF IL-1beta and IL-8 are amongst the strongest markers yet identified for accurately demarcating VAP within the larger population of patients with suspected VAP. These findings have potential implications for reduction in unnecessary antibiotic use but require further validation in larger populations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.