ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2009
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: a multifaceted threat.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 355 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
355 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 916 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: a systematic review with a focus on Mediterranean countries.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2017Pooled it
- Outbreak of aztreonam-avibactam-resistant NDM-5-producingMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Climate change and antimicrobial resistance.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Molecular Characterization of Virulence Genes and Quinolone Resistance Determinants inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genomic Characterization of Colistin and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- One Health transmission of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance: genomic insights at the interface of food, animals, humans and the environment.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Molecular epidemiology of levofloxacin-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Antibiotic resistance ofOpen veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Review
- Molecular characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in clinical isolates ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Poultry Proteus mirabilis in selected areas of Hunan, China: Resistance profiles and virulence genes.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes inVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Characterization and targeting of deleterious mutations in Carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: insights from variant calling, Computer-aided drug design, and DFT analysis.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Structural modeling and docking analysis of canonical and novel resistance-associated missense mutations in Sudanese Escherichia coli.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Gene Expression Analysis and Whole Genome Sequencing Reveal the Potential Mechanism of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in aVeterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Novel Autographivirales phages Kiwi, Nika and Pie targeting Klebsiella pneumoniae K14: Isolation, characterisation, genome analysis and study of the bacterial polysaccharide degradation.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Discovery, Development, the Chemistry of Quinolones, and Their Antimicrobial Resistance.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Nanoemulsion as a promising drug delivery strategy for effective eradication of Helicobacter pylori: current insights.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Review
- The WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria: challenges and opportunities for next-generation antimicrobial development.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
295 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was thought not to exist before its discovery in 1998, the past decade has seen an explosion of research characterizing this phenomenon. The best-described form of PMQR is determined by the qnr group of genes. These genes, likely originating in aquatic organisms, code for pentapeptide repeat proteins. These proteins reduce susceptibility to quinolones by protecting the complex of DNA and DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV enzymes from the inhibitory effect of quinolones. Two additional PMQR mechanisms were recently described. aac(6')-Ib-cr encodes a variant aminoglycoside acetyltransferase with two amino acid alterations allowing it to inactivate ciprofloxacin through the acetylation of its piperazinyl substituent. oqxAB and qepA encode efflux pumps that extrude quinolones. All of these genes determine relatively small increases in the MICs of quinolones, but these changes are sufficient to facilitate the selection of mutants with higher levels of resistance. The contribution of these genes to the emergence of quinolone resistance is being actively investigated. Several factors suggest their importance in this process, including their increasing ubiquity, their association with other resistance elements, and their emergence simultaneous with the expansion of clinical quinolone resistance. Of concern, these genes are not yet being taken into account in resistance screening by clinical microbiology laboratories.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.