ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2009
Immune restoration diseases reflect diverse immunopathological mechanisms.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tuberculosis Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in children initiating Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV infection: A systematic literature review.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2014Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- Systemic Inflammation Associated with Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Persons Living with HIV.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Effects of time of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of patients with HIV/TB co-infection: A systemic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2020Review
- Association of Cytomegalovirus DNA and Immunologic Markers of Cardiovascular Disease.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Looking back to move forward: a twenty-year audit of herpes zoster in Asia-Pacific.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Review
- HIV and co-infections.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
- Risk of Kaposi sarcoma during the first months on combination antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2013Article
- Antiretroviral therapy-associated coccidioidal meningitis.Emerging infectious diseases · 2013Article
- Immune reconstitution reactions in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients: report of a case and review of the literature.JAMA dermatology · 2013Review
- Tuberculosis associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients infected with HIV: meningitis a potentially life threatening manifestation.AIDS research and therapy · 2012Article
- [Immune reconstitution syndrome].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2012Article
- Article
- Assessment of HBV flare in a randomized clinical trial in HIV/HBV coinfected subjects initiating HBV-active antiretroviral therapy in Thailand.AIDS research and therapy · 2012Article
- Natural killer cell activation distinguishes Mycobacterium tuberculosis-mediated immune reconstitution syndrome from chronic HIV and HIV/MTB coinfection.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2011Article
- Pathogenesis and prevention of immune reconstitution disease during antiretroviral therapy.Expert review of anti-infective therapy · 2011Review
- HIV/HCV co-infection: pathogenesis, clinical complications, treatment, and new therapeutic technologies.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2011Review
- Incidence and predictors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a rural area of Mozambique.PloS one · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Up to one in four patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and given antiretroviral therapy (ART) experiences inflammatory or cellular proliferative disease associated with a preexisting opportunistic infection, which may be subclinical. These immune restoration diseases (IRD) appear to result from the restoration of immunocompetence. IRD associated with intracellular pathogens are characterized by cellular immune responses and/or granulomatous inflammation. Mycobacterial and cryptococcal IRD are attributed to a pathological overproduction of Th1 cytokines. Clinicopathological characteristics of IRD associated with viral infections suggest different pathogenic mechanisms. For example, IRD associated with varicella-zoster virus or JC polyomavirus infection correlate with a CD8 T-cell response in the central nervous system. Exacerbations or de novo presentations of hepatitis associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection following ART may also reflect restoration of pathogen-specific immune responses as titers of HCV-reactive antibodies rise in parallel with liver enzymes and plasma markers of T-cell activation. Correlations between immunological parameters assessed in longitudinal sample sets and clinical presentations are required to illuminate the diverse immunological scenarios described collectively as IRD. Here we present salient clinical features and review progress toward understanding their pathogeneses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.