ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2009
A recombination hot spot in HIV-1 contains guanosine runs that can form a G-quartet structure and promote strand transfer in vitro.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aberrant strand transfer events across multiple stages of reverse transcription shape the heterogeneous landscape of the HIV-1 reservoir.Communications biology · 2025Article
- G-Quadruplexes in the Regulation of Viral Gene Expressions and Their Impacts on Controlling Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- G-Quadruplexes in Human Telomere: Structures, Properties, and Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Deciphering RNA G-quadruplex function during the early steps of HIV-1 infection.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Active and Passive Destabilization of G-Quadruplex DNA by the Telomere POT1-TPP1 Complex.Journal of molecular biology · 2021Article
- Colocalization of mACS central science · 2019Review
- G-Quadruplexes: More Than Just a Kink in Microbial Genomes.Trends in microbiology · 2019Review
- Genome-wide analysis of regulatory G-quadruplexes affecting gene expression in human cytomegalovirus.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- G-quadruplexes in pathogens: a common route to virulence control?PLoS pathogens · 2015Review
- U3 region in the HIV-1 genome adopts a G-quadruplex structure in its RNA and DNA sequence.Biochemistry · 2014Article
- Identifying recombination hot spots in the HIV-1 genome.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Host SAMHD1 protein promotes HIV-1 recombination in macrophages.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
- Article
- Mechanism of HIV-1 RNA dimerization in the central region of the genome and significance for viral evolution.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
- Review
- Recombination in eukaryotic single stranded DNA viruses.Viruses · 2011Review
- HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein increases strand transfer recombination by promoting dimeric G-quartet formation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2011Article
- RNA G-Quadruplexes in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana: prevalence and possible functional roles.Nucleic acids research · 2010Article
- RNA structures facilitate recombination-mediated gene swapping in HIV-1.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Requirements for efficient minus strand strong-stop DNA transfer in human immunodeficiency virus 1.RNA biologyReview
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The co-packaged RNA genomes of human immunodeficiency virus-1 recombine at a high rate. Recombination can mix mutations to generate viruses that escape immune response. A cell-culture-based system was designed previously to map recombination events in a 459-bp region spanning the primer binding site through a portion of the gag protein coding region. Strikingly, a strong preferential site for recombination in vivo was identified within a 112-nucleotide-long region near the beginning of gag. Strand transfer assays in vitro revealed that three pause bands in the gag hot spot each corresponded to a run of guanosine (G) residues. Pausing of reverse transcriptase is known to promote recombination by strand transfer both in vivo and in vitro. To assess the significance of the G runs, we altered them by base substitutions. Disruption of the G runs eliminated both the associated pausing and strand transfer. Some G-rich sequences can develop G-quartet structures, which were first proposed to form in telomeric DNA. G-quartet structure formation is highly dependent on the presence of specific cations. Incubation in cations discouraging G-quartets altered gel mobility of the gag template consistent with breakdown of G-quartet structure. The same cations faded G-run pauses but did not affect pauses caused by hairpins, indicating that quartet structure causes pausing. Moreover, gel analysis with cations favoring G-quartet structure indicated no structure in mutated templates. Overall, results point to reverse transcriptase pausing at G runs that can form quartets as a unique feature of the gag recombination hot spot.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.