Trial reportClinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society2009
Intervention study shows outpatient cardiac rehabilitation to be economically at least as attractive as inpatient rehabilitation.
Trial report in Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2018Pooled it
- Multivariate Meta-Analysis of Preference-Based Quality of Life Values in Coronary Heart Disease.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- A systematic review of economic evaluations of cardiac rehabilitation.BMC health services research · 2012Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of early rhythm control vs. usual care in atrial fibrillation care: an analysis based on data from the EAST-AFNET 4 trial.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2023Trial
- Economic implications of intra-aortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock: an analysis from the IABP-SHOCK II-trial.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2015Trial
- Comparison of Center-Based and Tele-Cardiac Rehabilitation in Coronary Artery Disease: Effects on Functional Capacity, QoL, and Kinesiophobia.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Article
- Barriers and Facilitators to Delivering Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Article
- Participation in disease management programs and major adverse cardiac events in patients after acute myocardial infarction: a longitudinal study based on registry data.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Article
- Article
- What patients really think about asthma guidelines: barriers to guideline implementation from the patients' perspective.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2017Observational
- Assessing quality of life in a clinical study on heart rehabilitation patients: how well do value sets based on given or experienced health states reflect patients' valuations?Health and quality of life outcomes · 2016Article
- Costs of treating cardiovascular events in Germany: a systematic literature review.Health economics review · 2015Article
- Cost-effectiveness of paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty in patients with drug-eluting stent restenosis.Clinical cardiology · 2013Article
- Cost-effectiveness of paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty and paclitaxel-eluting stent implantation for treatment of coronary in-stent restenosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2012Article
- Wild type TDP-43 induces neuro-inflammation and alters APP metabolism in lentiviral gene transfer models.Experimental neurology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSince the late 1990 s, cost pressure has led to a growing interest in outpatient rehabilitation in Germany where predominantly inpatient rehabilitation has been provided. Taking into account the feasibility of a randomized design, the aim of this study was to compare outpatient and inpatient cardiac rehabilitation from a societal perspective.
methodA comprehensive cohort design was applied. Costs during rehabilitation were measured using individual documentation of the rehabilitation centers. Economic end points were quality of life (EQ-5D), and total direct and indirect costs. A propensity score approach, integrated into a simultaneous regression framework for cost and effects, was used to control for selection bias. Bootstrap analysis was applied for assessing uncertainty in cost-effectiveness.
resultsA total of 163 patients were included in the study (112 inpatients, 51 outpatients). As randomization was chosen by only 2.5% of participants, the study had to be analyzed as an observational study. Direct costs during inpatient rehabilitation were significantly higher by 600 euro (+/-318; p < 0.001) compared to outpatient rehabilitation (2,016 euro +/- 354 euro vs. 1,416 euro +/- 315), while there was no significant difference in health-related quality of life. Over the 12-month follow-up period, adjusted costs difference in total cost was estimated at -2,895 euro (p = 0.102) and adjusted difference in effects at 0.018 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) (n.s.) in favor of outpatient treatment.
conclusionThe ratio of mean cost over mean effect difference (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio) indicates dominance of outpatient rehabilitation, but at a considerable statistical uncertainty. However, outpatient rehabilitation cannot be rejected from an economic perspective.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.