ArticleJournal of bacteriology2009
Growth phase and (p)ppGpp control of IraD, a regulator of RpoS stability, in Escherichia coli.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcription Factor HusR (YnfL) Is a Novel Regulator for Hydroxyurea Sensitivity inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- The Emerging Role of (p)ppGpp in DNA Repair and Associated Bacterial Survival against Fluoroquinolones.Gene expression · 2025Article
- Broad-spectrum tolerance to disinfectant-mediated bacterial killing due to mutation of the PheS aminoacyl tRNA synthetase.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- "Metabolic burden" explained: stress symptoms and its related responses induced by (over)expression of (heterologous) proteins in Escherichia coli.Microbial cell factories · 2024Review
- RpoS and the bacterial general stress response.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- A negative feedback loop is critical for recovery of RpoS after stress in Escherichia coli.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- New layers of regulation of the general stress response sigma factor RpoS.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- A negative feedback loop is critical for recovery of RpoS after stress inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- DnaA and SspA regulation of the iraD gene of Escherichia coli: an alternative DNA damage response independent of LexA/RecA.Genetics · 2022Article
- A stress-induced block in dicarboxylate uptake and utilization inJournal of bacteriology · 2021Article
- DksA-dependent regulation of RpoS contributes to Borrelia burgdorferi tick-borne transmission and mammalian infectivity.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Diverse Mechanisms and Circuitry for Global Regulation by the RNA-Binding Protein CsrA.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Persistence of Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens-With a Focus on the Metabolic Perspective.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Residue L193P Mutant of RpoS Affects Its Activity During Biofilm Formation inFrontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Trouble is coming: Signaling pathways that regulate general stress responses in bacteria.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Review
- Structural basis for inhibition of a response regulator of σGenes & development · 2019Article
- Quantifying dynamic mechanisms of auto-regulation in Escherichia coli with synthetic promoter in response to varying external phosphate levels.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Article
- The dual role of DksA protein in the regulation of Escherichia coli pArgX promoter.Nucleic acids research · 2016Article
- Bacterial Stress Responses during Host Infection.Cell host & microbe · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The antiadaptor protein IraD inhibits the proteolysis of the alternative sigma factor, RpoS, which promotes the synthesis of >100 genes during the general stress response and during stationary phase. Our previous results showed that IraD determines RpoS steady-state levels during exponential growth and mediates its stabilization after DNA damage. In this study, we show by promoter fusions that iraD was upregulated during the transition from exponential growth to stationary phase. The levels of RpoS likewise rose during this transition in a partially IraD-dependent manner. The expression of iraD was under the control of ppGpp. The expression of iraD required RelA and SpoT (p)ppGpp synthetase activities and was dramatically induced by a "stringent" allele of RNA polymerase, culminating in elevated levels of RpoS. Surprisingly, DksA, normally required for transcriptional effects of the stringent response, repressed iraD expression, suggesting that DksA can exert regulatory effects independent of and opposing those of (p)ppGpp. Northern blot analysis and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends revealed two transcripts for iraD in wild-type strains; the smaller was regulated positively by RelA during growth; the larger transcript was induced specifically upon transition to stationary phase and was RelA SpoT dependent. A reporter fusion to the distal promoter indicated that it accounts for growth-phase regulation and DNA damage inducibility. DNA damage inducibility occurred in strains unable to synthesize (p)ppGpp, indicating an additional mode of regulation. Our results suggest that the induction of RpoS during transition to stationary phase and by (p)ppGpp occurs at least partially through IraD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.