ArticleOphthalmology2010
Rituximab treatment of patients with severe, corticosteroid-resistant thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunomodulators in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a systematic review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy and safety of rituximab, tocilizumab, and teprotumumab in Graves' orbitopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eye (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Rituximab for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Intravenous rituximab therapy for active Graves' ophthalmopathy: a meta-analysis.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2021Pooled it
- Does rituximab improve clinical outcomes of patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy? A systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2018Pooled it
- Randomized controlled trial of rituximab in patients with Graves' orbitopathy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2015Trial
- Rituximab therapy for refractory orbital inflammation: results of a phase 1/2, dose-ranging, randomized clinical trial.JAMA ophthalmology · 2014Trial
- Rituximab treatment in patients with active Graves' orbitopathy: effects on proinflammatory and humoral immune reactions.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2010Trial
- Successful outcome of Rituximab treatment based on lymphocyte immunophenotyping in active Thyroid Eye Disease: a case report.Thyroid research · 2025Article
- Unravelling the pathogenic mechanisms in Graves' orbitopathy.European thyroid journal · 2025Review
- Graves disease: latest understanding of pathogenesis and treatment options.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Review
- Article
- Orbital lymphocyte populations in three states of thyroid eye disease.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2023Article
- Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: emerging treatment strategies.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Review
- Current and promising therapies based on the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Rituximab in the treatment of Graves' orbitopathy: latest updates and perspectives.Endocrine connections · 2022Review
- Dysthyroid optic neuropathy: Demographics, risk factors, investigations, and management outcomes.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Current concepts regarding Graves' orbitopathy.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
- Mechanisms of immune-related differentially expressed genes in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy based on the GEO database.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Understanding Pathogenesis Intersects With Effective Treatment for Thyroid Eye Disease.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo study the effectiveness of anti-CD20 (rituximab [RTX]; Rituxan; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA) therapy in patients with severe, corticosteroid (CS)-resistant thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).
designRetrospective, interventional case series.
participantsSix consecutive subjects with severe, progressive TAO unresponsive to CS.
methodsElectronic medical record review of consecutive patients receiving RTX during the previous 18 months. Responses to therapy were graded using standard clinical assessment and flow cytometric analysis of peripheral lymphocytes.
main outcome measuresClinical activity score (CAS), proptosis, strabismus, treatment side effects, and quantification of regulatory T cells.
resultsSix patients were studied. Systemic CS failed to alter clinical activity in all patients (mean CAS+/-standard deviation, 5.3+/-1.0 before vs. 5.5+/-0.8 during therapy for 7.5+/-6.4 months; P = 1.0). However, after RTX treatment, CAS improved from 5.5+/-0.8 to 1.3+/-0.5 at 2 months after treatment (P<0.03) and remained quiescent in all patients (CAS, 0.7+/-0.8; P<0.0001) at a mean follow-up of 6.2+/-4.5 months. Vision improved bilaterally in all 4 patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). None of the 6 patients experienced disease relapse after RTX infusion, and proptosis remained stable (Hertel measurement, 24+/-3.7 mm before therapy and 23.6+/-3.7 mm after therapy; P = 0.17). The abundance of T regulatory cells, assessed in 1 patient, increased within 1 week of RTX and remained elevated at 18 months of follow-up.
conclusionsIn progressive, CS-resistant TAO, rapid and sustained resolution of orbital inflammation and DON followed treatment with RTX. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.