ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Comparative genomics reveal the mechanism of the parallel evolution of O157 and non-O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 210 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
210 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic insights into multidrug-resistant bacteria: Emergence ofVirulence · 2026Article
- Phylogenomic framework and virulence gene boundaries of emerging Shiga toxin-producingVirulence · 2026Article
- Pathogenome and Plasmid-Borne Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes in a Multidrug-Resistant O111:H8 Shiga Toxin-ProducingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ribosome-inactivating proteins in bacteria.Microbial genomics · 2026Review
- Global population structure of Shiga toxin-producingMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Genomic insights into within-farm persistence and global phylogenetic relatedness of Shiga toxin-producingFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- The Emergence ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Classifying Convergences in the Light of Horizontal Gene Transfer: Epaktovars and Xenotypes.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Genomic features of three major diarrhoeagenicMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Genomic evidence for flies as carriers of zoonotic pathogens on dairy farms.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Pilot study on seasonal variability in microbial contamination in the developing tourist region of Mindo, Ecuador: a comparative analysis of the Saguambi, Mindo, and Canchupí Rivers.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- mettannotator: a comprehensive and scalable Nextflow annotation pipeline for prokaryotic assemblies.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Centriflaken: An automated data analysis pipeline for assembly and in silico analyses of foodborne pathogens from metagenomic samples.PloS one · 2025Article
- Growth dynamics and protein-expression of Escherichia coli serotypes O26:H11, O111:H8 and O145:NM in the bovine rumen.PloS one · 2025Article
- Shiga toxin-producingFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Diversity, Distribution and Structural Prediction of the Pathogenic Bacterial Effectors EspN and EspS.Genes · 2024Article
- Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of UropathogenicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Increased resistance against tellurite is conferred by a mutation in the promoter region of uncommon tellurite resistance geneApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Pathogenomes of Shiga Toxin Positive and NegativeMicroorganisms · 2024Article
150 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Among the various pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is the most devastating. Although serotype O157:H7 strains are the most prevalent, strains of different serotypes also possess similar pathogenic potential. Here, we present the results of a genomic comparison between EHECs of serotype O157, O26, O111, and O103, as well as 21 other, fully sequenced E. coli/Shigella strains. All EHECs have much larger genomes (5.5-5.9 Mb) than the other strains and contain surprisingly large numbers of prophages and integrative elements (IEs). The gene contents of the 4 EHECs do not follow the phylogenetic relationships of the strains, and they share virulence genes for Shiga toxins and many other factors. We found many lambdoid phages, IEs, and virulence plasmids that carry the same or similar virulence genes but have distinct evolutionary histories, indicating that independent acquisition of these mobile genetic elements has driven the evolution of each EHEC. Particularly interesting is the evolution of the type III secretion system (T3SS). We found that the T3SS of EHECs is composed of genes that were introduced by 3 different types of genetic elements: an IE referred to as the locus of enterocyte effacement, which encodes a central part of the T3SS; SpLE3-like IEs; and lambdoid phages carrying numerous T3SS effector genes and other T3SS-related genes. Our data demonstrate how E. coli strains of different phylogenies can independently evolve into EHECs, providing unique insights into the mechanisms underlying the parallel evolution of complex virulence systems in bacteria.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.