ArticleMedicine and science in sports and exercise2009
Muscle forces or gravity: what predominates mechanical loading on bone?
Article in Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Spaceflight on Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Considerations for Interplanetary Travel.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Sedentary behaviour and bone health in older adults: a systematic review.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2021Pooled it
- The Effect of Impact Exercise (Alone or Multicomponent Intervention) on Health-Related Outcomes in Individuals at Risk of Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of 12-week power training on bone in mobility-limited older adults: randomised controlled trial.Archives of osteoporosis · 2024Trial
- Vitamin D supplementation and body composition changes in collegiate basketball players: a 12-week randomized control trial.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2022Trial
- The effect of a high-impact jumping intervention on bone mass, bone stiffness and fitness parameters in adolescent athletes.Archives of osteoporosis · 2018Trial
- Direct effects of physical training on markers of bone metabolism and serum sclerostin concentrations in older adults with low bone mass.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2016Trial
- Impact exercise and bone density in premenopausal women with below average bone density for age.European journal of applied physiology · 2015Trial
- Effect of office-based brief high-impact exercise on bone mineral density in healthy premenopausal women: the Sendai Bone Health Concept Study.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2010Trial
- Association of Bone-Specific Physical Activity with Bone Mineral Density and Arterial Stiffness in Premenopausal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Moth-Eaten Osteolysis of Multiple Foot Bones After a Conservatively Treated "Stable" Ankle Fracture: A Case Report and Literature Review.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Jumping on the moon as a potential exercise countermeasure.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic insights into exercise-induced trabecular bone microarchitectural adaptations following combined aerobic and resistance training in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Spaceflight and the rodent skeleton: A perspective.Bone reports · 2026Review
- Microgravity-induced transcriptional reprogramming in embryonic chicken limb bud-derived chondrogenic cultures.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Does time spent upright moderate the influence of a weighted vest on change in bone mineral density during weight loss among older adults? A secondary analysis of the INVEST in bone health randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in aging · 2026Article
- Impact loading exercise induced osteogenesis from childhood to early adulthood in tennis players aged 8-30 years.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Review
- Body composition and bone health outcomes across positional groups in Netball Super League (NSL) senior and under-21 players; a multi-year cohort study.South African journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Aerobic exercise training-induced bone and vascular adaptations in mice lacking adiponectin.Bone · 2025Article
- Common questions and misconceptions about protein supplementation: what does the scientific evidence really show?Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most mechanical forces acting on the skeleton are generated either through impact with the ground (i.e., gravitational loading) or through muscle contractions (i.e., muscle loading). If one of these conduits for activating mechanotransduction in bone is more effective than the other with respect to developing or maintaining bone strength, this would have important clinical implications for prescribing physical activity for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis. This section of the symposium considered whether there is evidence from studies of humans that the effectiveness of physical activity to preserve bone health is dependent on whether the activities stimulate the skeleton primarily through gravitational or muscle loading. Conclusive evidence is lacking, but several lines of research suggest that physical activities that involve impact forces, and therefore generate both gravitation and muscle loading, are most likely to have beneficial effects on bone metabolism and reduce fracture risk.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.