ArticleJournal of virology2009
Reconstitution of the ancestral glycoprotein of human endogenous retrovirus k and modulation of its functional activity by truncation of the cytoplasmic domain.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- HERV-K (HML-2) Envelope Protein Induces Mitochondrial Depolarization and Neurotoxicity via Endolysosome Iron Dyshomeostasis.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Host antiviral factors hijack furin to block SARS-CoV-2, ebola virus, and HIV-1 glycoproteins cleavage.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Review
- Reactivated endogenous retroviruses promote protein aggregate spreading.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- A Comprehensive Analysis of Human Endogenous Retroviruses HERV-K (HML.2) from Teratocarcinoma Cell Lines and Detection of Viral Cargo in Microvesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus Type W Envelope from Multiple Sclerosis Demyelinating Lesions Shows Unique Solubility and Antigenic Characteristics.Virologica Sinica · 2021Article
- Favorable antibody responses to human coronaviruses in children and adolescents with autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- Article
- HIV-1 infection activates endogenous retroviral promoters regulating antiviral gene expression.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- Formation of HERV-K and HERV-Fc1 Envelope Family Members is Suppressed on Transcriptional and Translational Level.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- Origins and evolutionary consequences of ancient endogenous retroviruses.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2019Review
- Human endogenous retrovirus-K (HML-2): a comprehensive review.Critical reviews in microbiology · 2018Review
- Transcriptional profiling of HERV-K(HML-2) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and potential implications for expression of HML-2 proteins.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2018Article
- Article
- Infectious Entry Pathway Mediated by the Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Envelope Protein.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Therapeutic potential of antiviral drugs targeting chemorefractory colorectal adenocarcinoma cells overexpressing endogenous retroviral elements.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2015Article
- CMV-promoter driven codon-optimized expression alters the assembly type and morphology of a reconstituted HERV-K(HML-2).Viruses · 2014Article
- Diminished humoral responses against and reduced gene expression levels of human endogenous retrovirus-K (HERV-K) in psoriasis.Journal of translational medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses present in the human genome provide a rich record of ancient infections. All presently recognized elements, including the youngest and most intact proviruses of the human endogenous retrovirus K(HML-2) [HERV-K(HML-2)] family, have suffered postinsertional mutations during their time of chromosomal residence, and genes encoding the envelope glycoprotein (Env) have not been spared these mutations. In this study, we have, for the first time, reconstituted an authentic Env of a HERV-K(HML-2) provirus by back mutation of putative postinsertional amino acid changes of the protein encoded by HERV-K113. Aided by codon-optimized expression, we demonstrate that the reconstituted Env regained its ability to be incorporated into retroviral particles and to mediate entry. The original ancient HERV-K113 Env was synthesized as a moderately glycosylated gp95 precursor protein cleaved into surface and transmembrane (TM) subunits. Of the nine N-linked oligosaccharides, four are part of the TM subunit, contributing 15 kDa to its apparent molecular mass of 41 kDa. The carbohydrates, as well as the cytoplasmic tail, are critical for efficient intracellular trafficking, processing, stability, and particle incorporation. Whereas deletions of the carboxy-terminal 6 residues completely abrogated cleavage and virion association, more extensive truncations slightly enhanced incorporation but dramatically increased the ability to mediate entry of pseudotyped lentiviruses. Although the first HERV-K(HML-2) elements infected human ancestors about 30 million years ago, our findings indicate that their glycoproteins are in most respects remarkably similar to those of classical contemporary retroviruses and can still mediate efficient entry into mammalian cells.
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