ArticleEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM2011
Excoecarianin, Isolated from Phyllanthus urinaria Linnea, Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection through Inactivation of Viral Particles.
Article in Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancing Antiviral Design: Integrating Natural Products, Computation and Targeted Delivery.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Review
- Herbal Medicines as Complementary Therapy for Managing Complications in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Review
- A review ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Review of Medicinal Plants and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients against Aquatic Pathogenic Viruses.Viruses · 2022Review
- In-silico efficacy of potential phytomolecules from Ayurvedic herbs as an adjuvant therapy in management of COVID-19.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2021Article
- Medicinal plants: Treasure for antiviral drug discovery.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2021Review
- Progress of Plant Medicine Derived Extracts and Alkaloids on Modulating Viral Infections and Inflammation.Drug design, development and therapy · 2021Review
- The Signaling Pathways, and Therapeutic Targets of Antiviral Agents: Focusing on the Antiviral Approaches and Clinical Perspectives of Anthocyanins in the Management of Viral Diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
- Article
- A Review of the Phytochemistry and Pharmacology ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
- (4R,6S)-2-Dihydromenisdaurilide is a Butenolide that Efficiently Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus Entry.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- The Genus Phyllanthus: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Review.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2016Review
- Review
- Antiviral natural products and herbal medicines.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2014Review
- Evaluation of antiviral activities of four local Malaysian Phyllanthus species against herpes simplex viruses and possible antiviral target.International journal of medical sciences · 2013Article
- Hydrolyzable tannins (chebulagic acid and punicalagin) target viral glycoprotein-glycosaminoglycan interactions to inhibit herpes simplex virus 1 entry and cell-to-cell spread.Journal of virology · 2011Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phyllanthus urinaria Linnea (Euphorbiaceae) is one of the traditional medicinal plants widely used by oriental people to treat various diseases. We have previously demonstrated that the acetone extract of P. urinaria inhibits herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) but not HSV-1 infection. In a continuing effort to clarify the antiviral mechanisms of P. urinaria, we isolated the pure compound excoecarianin from the whole plant of P. urinaria through acetone extraction, and investigated its anti-HSV-1 and HSV-2 activities. Our results indicated that excoecarianin protected Vero cells from HSV-2 but not HSV-1 infection, and its 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) was 1.4 ± 0.1 μM. The antiviral effective concentration of excoecarianin did not affect the viability or the morphology of Vero cells. Although excoecarianin inhibited HSV-2 infection, the inhibitory effect, however, was most prominent when excoecarianin was concurrently added with the virus. Pretreatment of Vero cells with excoecarianin with removal of the drug prior to infection did not yield any antiviral effects, and the same observation was made for post viral entry treatment. Subsequent studies revealed that excoecarianin inactivated HSV-2 virus particles to prevent viral infection. A synergistic antiviral effect against HSV-2 was also observed when Vero cells were treated with a combination of acyclovir (ACV) and excoecarianin. These results suggested that excoecarianin merits to be further explored as an entry inhibitor against HSV-2 and could potentially be investigated for combinatorial drug treatment with nucleoside analogues such as ACV in therapeutic management of HSV-2 infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.