ArticlePLoS pathogens2009
Mucosal immunization with iron receptor antigens protects against urinary tract infection.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chimeric vaccine based on Iraqi HLA alleles against a predominant localFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Harnessing pro-inflammatory and immunopathologic immune responses in urinary tract infections for vaccine development: it's all about a balance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Determination of Effective Prophylactic Responses of Truncated Flagellin Protein as a Vaccine Candidate Against UropathogenicInternational journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- An mRNA-based FimH nanoparticle vaccine against uropathogenicFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Current Scientific Advances in Vaccines Against UTIs: Challenges and Prospects.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The Role ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- The kinase Bud32 regulates iron homeostasis in fungal pathogenFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Exploiting haem-iron dependence of nontypeableFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Progress toward a vaccine for extraintestinal pathogenicInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- The Potential Role of Persister Cells in Urinary Tract Infections.Current urology reports · 2023Review
- Uropathogen and host responses in pyelonephritis.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2023Review
- Trace metal elements: a bridge between host and intestinal microorganisms.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Review
- Urinary Tract Infections Caused by UropathogenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Emerging Non-Antibiotic Options Targeting Uropathogenic Mechanisms for Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Broad protective vaccination against systemic Escherichia coli with autotransporter antigens.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- A sublingual nanofiber vaccine to prevent urinary tract infections.Science advances · 2022Article
- Immunomodulation therapy offers new molecular strategies to treat UTI.Nature reviews. Urology · 2022Review
- CpxA Phosphatase Inhibitor Activates CpxRA and Is a Potential Treatment for Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in a Murine Model of Infection.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Inactivation of the Mla system and outer-membrane phospholipase A results in disrupted outer-membrane lipid asymmetry and hypervesiculation inCurrent research in microbial sciences · 2022Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Uncomplicated infections of the urinary tract, caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli, are among the most common diseases requiring medical intervention. A preventive vaccine to reduce the morbidity and fiscal burden these infections have upon the healthcare system would be beneficial. Here, we describe the results of a large-scale selection process that incorporates bioinformatic, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic screens to identify six vaccine candidates from the 5379 predicted proteins encoded by uropathogenic E. coli strain CFT073. The vaccine candidates, ChuA, Hma, Iha, IreA, IroN, and IutA, all belong to a functional class of molecules that is involved in iron acquisition, a process critical for pathogenesis in all microbes. Intranasal immunization of CBA/J mice with these outer membrane iron receptors elicited a systemic and mucosal immune response that included the production of antigen-specific IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies. The cellular response to vaccination was characterized by the induction and secretion of IFN-gamma and IL-17. Of the six potential vaccine candidates, IreA, Hma, and IutA provided significant protection from experimental infection. In immunized animals, class-switching from IgM to IgG and production of antigen-specific IgA in the urine represent immunological correlates of protection from E. coli bladder colonization. These findings are an important first step toward the development of a subunit vaccine to prevent urinary tract infections and demonstrate how targeting an entire class of molecules that are collectively required for pathogenesis may represent a fundamental strategy to combat infections.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.