Trial reportThe Journal of physiology2009
Progressive augmentation and ventilatory long-term facilitation are enhanced in sleep apnoea patients and are mitigated by antioxidant administration.
Trial report in The Journal of physiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- The hypoxic ventilatory response and arousal burden predict the magnitude of ventilatory long-term facilitation in humans with obstructive sleep apnoea.Experimental physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Antioxidant therapies for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2024Pooled it
- The hypoxic ventilatory response and hypoxic burden are predictors of the magnitude of ventilatory long-term facilitation in humans.The Journal of physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Drug therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Trial
- Application of Molecular Hydrogen as an Antioxidant in Responses to Ventilatory and Ergogenic Adjustments during Incremental Exercise in Humans.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Long-term facilitation of ventilation in humans with chronic spinal cord injury.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2014Trial
- Long-term facilitation of ventilation following acute continuous hypoxia in awake humans during sustained hypercapnia.The Journal of physiology · 2012Trial
- Long-term impacts of COVID-19 on systemic inflammation and control of breathing reflexes: an observational cohort study.Respiratory research · 2026Observational
- Acute intermittent hypoxia enhances nucleus of the solitary tract neuronal activity and requires NMDARs and CaMKII for phrenic long-term facilitation.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Ventilatory long-term facilitation at rest increases the feedforward contribution to subsequent exercise ventilatory responses.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2025Article
- Advancements in the neurocirculatory reflex response to hypoxia.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Tetraplegia is associated with increased hypoxic ventilatory response during nonrapid eye movement sleep.Physiological reports · 2022Article
- Divergent Ventilatory and Blood Pressure Responses are Evident Following Repeated Daily Exposure to Mild Intermittent Hypoxia in Males with OSA and Hypertension.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Pathophysiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Aging Women.Current sleep medicine reports · 2021Article
- A comprehensive review of respiratory, autonomic and cardiovascular responses to intermittent hypoxia in humans.Experimental neurology · 2021Review
- Baseline Arterial COFrontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Variations in loop gain and arousal threshold during NREM sleep are affected by time of day over a 24-hour period in participants with obstructive sleep apnea.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2020Article
- Competing mechanisms of plasticity impair compensatory responses to repetitive apnoea.The Journal of physiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Progressive augmentation (PA) and ventilatory long-term facilitation (vLTF) of respiratory motor output are forms of respiratory plasticity that are initiated during exposure to intermittent hypoxia. The present study was designed to determine whether PA and vLTF are enhanced in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) participants compared to matched healthy controls. The study was also designed to determine whether administration of an antioxidant cocktail mitigates PA and vLTF. Thirteen participants with sleep apnoea and 13 controls completed two trials. During both trials participants were exposed to intermittent hypoxia which included twelve 4-min episodes of hypoxia (P(ETCO(2)), 50 mmHg; P(ETCO(2)), 4 mmHg above baseline) followed by 30 min of recovery. Prior to exposure to intermittent hypoxia, participants were administered, in a randomized fashion, either an antioxidant or a placebo cocktail. Baseline measures of minute ventilation during the placebo and antioxidant trials were not different between or within groups. During the placebo trial, PA was evident in both groups; however it was enhanced in the OSA group compared to control (last hypoxic episode 36.9 +/- 2.8 vs. 27.7 +/- 2.2 l min(-1); P <or= 0.01). Likewise, vLTF was evident during the recovery period in both groups; on the other hand vLTF was greater in the OSA group compared to control (29.3 +/- 2.8 vs. 20.4 +/- 1.3 l min(-1); P <or= 0.01). PA and vLTF were reduced in the OSA group following antioxidant administration compared to the placebo (PA 30.6 +/- 2.0 vs. 36.9 +/- 2.8 l min(-1), P <or= 0.01; vLTF 23.3 +/- 1.4 vs. 29.3 +/- 2.8 l min(-1), P <or= 0.05). We conclude that PA and vLTF are enhanced in participants with OSA and that these forms of respiratory plasticity are mitigated after treatment with an antioxidant cocktail.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.