GuidelineCirculation2009
Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity.
Guideline in Circulation, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 20 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 6,925 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Victoza Efficacy in the Regression of Cardiovascular Dysfunction In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
A Randomized Phase 3 Trial of Metformin in Patients Initiating Androgen Deprivation Therapy as Prevention and Intervention of Metabolic Syndrome: The Prime Study
Characterization of the Metabolic Fate of an Oral L-arginine Form in Healthy Subjects Featuring Risk Factors Related to the Metabolic Syndrome.
Effect of Oral Supplementation With One Form of L-arginine on Vascular Endothelial Function in Healthy Subjects Featuring Risk Factors Related to the Metabolic Syndrome.
Vitamin D Receptor and Megalin Gene Polymorphisms and Their Association With Obesity, Central Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Effect of a Natural Supplement Containing Chlorogenic Acid and Luteolin on Cardio-metabolic Risk Factors in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome
Cross-sectional Study on the Prevalence of Fatty Liver and Metabolic Risk Factors in an HIV-infected Population
Study Protocol of the EMPOWER-SUSTAIN Project: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial of e-Health Intervention to Improve Patient Activation and Self-Management Behaviours Among Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome in Primary Care Setting
Study of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Aortic Repair (EVAR)
PUSHME (Primary Care USage of Health Promoting Messages): A Text Message-based Intervention in Primary Care Patients With Hypertension: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of Low Carbohydrate Diet Compared to Low Fat Diet in Reversing the Metabolic Syndrome Using NCEP ATP III Criteria; Randomized Clinical Trial
Myocardial Pathological Changes in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes With or Without PCOS Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Lifestyle-related Early Detection and Intervention for Older Adults & Elderly at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome: GATEKEEPER
Impact of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) with Health Properties in Improving the Overall Health Status and Preventing Cardiovascular Risk in Metabolic Syndrome
MicrobiAr: Characterization and Follow-up of Microbiome and Health Indicators in Obese, Pre-Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Cohorts Undergoing a Plant-based Diet and Lifestyle Intervention
Disentangling Microbiome Engraftment by Multi-omics of the Gut Ecosystem During Fecal Transplant
Targeting Metabolic Syndrome From the Emergency Department Through Mixed-Methods: Pilot Trial
"Effect of Moringa Oleifera Dehydrated Leaf Powder on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Adults. Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Phase II"
Preoperative Metabolic Optimization: Influence of Intermittent and Buchinger-Type Fasting on the Gut Microbiome, Immune Profile, and Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of Orlistat on Metabolic and Hormonal Features in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Who cites it
6,925 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global epidemiology of diabetes and prediabetes in lean or non-obese patients with NAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Metabolic Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Men with Functional Secondary Hypogonadism, Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes or Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism in metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Calorie-restricted oat diet is associated with zonulin and short-chain fatty acid response in metabolic syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.Gut microbes · 2026Trial
- Changes in hemoglobin levels and cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome - a secondary outcome analysis of a six-month randomized controlled trial.Annals of medicine · 2026Trial
- Time-restricted eating versus dietetic guidance on glycaemic outcomes in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a non-inferiority randomised clinical trial.Diabetologia · 2026Trial
- Longitudinal association of dietary spermidine with hepatic function indexes and cardiometabolic traits in older adults with metabolic syndrome.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Lifestyle-Induced Visceral Fat Loss as a Key Target for Durable Cardiometabolic Health: MRI-Assessed 5- and 10-Year Follow-Up After 2 Clinical Trials.Circulation · 2026Trial
- Trial
- The Effect of Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene Expression, and DNA Damage in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Biological trace element research · 2026Trial
- Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake on Circulating Biomarkers of Atrial Fibrillation-Related Pathways in the PREDIMED-Plus Study.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Impact of MIND diet on cognitive function among patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomised control clinical trial.BMC neurology · 2026Trial
- Cardiometabolic risk burden and kidney function in middle-aged and older adults: evidence from two national, cross-sectional studies in China and the United States.Renal failure · 2026Article
- Clustering patterns of behavioral and metabolic risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in Iran: findings from a national STEPS survey.Global health action · 2026Article
- The adiponectin/leptin ratio as a biomarker of adiposopathy and visceral adipose tissue accumulation: sex-specific mechanisms.Adipocyte · 2026Article
- Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Are Associated with Closed-Type Endoscopic Atrophic Gastritis in a Large Screening Cohort.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Effect of glycemic status on the natural history of left atrial structure and function in adults with metabolic syndrome and obesity.International journal of cardiology · 2026Observational
- Epigenetic aging biomarkers in dietary geroscience: feasibility, participant perceptions, and trial design considerations.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Subtypes and Maternal Cardiometabolic Outcomes 10-14 Years After Delivery.Diabetes care · 2026Article
6,865 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which occur together more often than by chance alone, have become known as the metabolic syndrome. The risk factors include raised blood pressure, dyslipidemia (raised triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol), raised fasting glucose, and central obesity. Various diagnostic criteria have been proposed by different organizations over the past decade. Most recently, these have come from the International Diabetes Federation and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The main difference concerns the measure for central obesity, with this being an obligatory component in the International Diabetes Federation definition, lower than in the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria, and ethnic specific. The present article represents the outcome of a meeting between several major organizations in an attempt to unify criteria. It was agreed that there should not be an obligatory component, but that waist measurement would continue to be a useful preliminary screening tool. Three abnormal findings out of 5 would qualify a person for the metabolic syndrome. A single set of cut points would be used for all components except waist circumference, for which further work is required. In the interim, national or regional cut points for waist circumference can be used.
Indexed as
Identifiers
19805654What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.