ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Saliva enables the antimicrobial activity of LL-37 in the presence of proteases of Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bidirectional relationship between the biofilm ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Differential antimicrobial activity of two LL37 derivatives against periodontal bacteria, including enhanced efficacy againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- STAT Signature Dish: Serving Immunity with a Side of Dietary Control.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Article
- LL-37: Structures, Antimicrobial Activity, and Influence on Amyloid-Related Diseases.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Potential role of salivary vitamin D antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and interleukins in severity of dental caries: an exvivo study.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Macrophages immunomodulation induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis and oral antimicrobial peptides.Odontology · 2023Review
- Illuminating the oral microbiome: cellular microbiology.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2023Article
- Regulation of LL-37 in Bone and Periodontium Regeneration.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Oral Health in Breast Cancer Women with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Machine Learning Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Cathelicidin LL-37 in Health and Diseases of the Oral Cavity.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Periodontal Pathogens' strategies disarm neutrophils to promote dysregulated inflammation.Molecular oral microbiology · 2021Review
- LL-37-Induced Autophagy Contributed to the Elimination of LiveFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- The Distinct Immune-Stimulatory Capacities of Porphyromonas gingivalis Strains 381 and ATCC 33277 Are Determined by theInfection and immunity · 2019Article
- Activation of vitamin D in the gingival epithelium and its role in gingival inflammation and alveolar bone loss.Journal of periodontal research · 2019Article
- A Secreted Bacterial Peptidylarginine Deiminase Can Neutralize Human Innate Immune Defenses.mBio · 2018Article
- Proteolytic effects of gingipains on trefoil factor family peptides.Clinical oral investigations · 2018Article
- Significance and Diagnostic Role of Antimicrobial Cathelicidins (LL-37) Peptides in Oral Health.Biomolecules · 2017Review
- Mirolase, a novel subtilisin-like serine protease from the periodontopathogen Tannerella forsythia.Biological chemistry · 2015Article
- Polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis in inflammatory disease.Trends in molecular medicine · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Proteolysis is a common microbial virulence mechanism that enables the destruction of host tissue and evasion from host defense mechanisms. Antimicrobial peptides, also known as host defense peptides, are effector molecules of the innate immunity that demonstrate a broad range of antimicrobial and immunoregulatory activities. Deficiency of the human LL-37 antimicrobial peptide was previously correlated with severe periodontal disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis, the major pathogen associated with periodontitis, is highly proteolytic. In this study, P. gingivalis was found capable of degrading LL-37 by utilizing its arginine-specific gingipains. Saliva collected from volunteers with a healthy periodontium protected LL-37 from proteolysis by P. gingivalis. Salivary protection of LL-37 was heat resistant and specific and enabled LL-37 to inhibit growth of Escherichia coli in the presence of the P. gingivalis proteases. Previously, saliva and other body fluids have been shown to inhibit the antimicrobial activity of LL-37. Here we demonstrate that at a cost of a small reduction in the bactericidal activity of LL-37, saliva enables the antibacterial activity of LL-37 despite the presence of proteases secreted by the main periodontopathogen.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.