ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Spa15 of Shigella flexneri is secreted through the type III secretion system and prevents staurosporine-induced apoptosis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2023Review
- Article
- A unique bacterial tactic to circumvent the cell death crosstalk induced by blockade of caspase-8.The EMBO journal · 2020Article
- Article
- Review
- Analysis of Shigella flexneri Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Transcriptional Profile in Response to Bile Salts.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Identification of novel substrates of Shigella T3SA through analysis of its virulence plasmid-encoded secretome.PloS one · 2017Article
- The synthesis of OspD3 (ShET2) in Shigella flexneri is independent of OspC1.Gut microbes · 2016Article
- How Shigella Utilizes Ca(2+) Jagged Edge Signals during Invasion of Epithelial Cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Review
- Modulation of p53 during bacterial infections.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2015Review
- Disruptions of Host Immunity and Inflammation by Giardia Duodenalis: Potential Consequences for Co-Infections in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Review
- Bacterial secreted effectors and caspase-3 interactions.Cellular microbiology · 2014Review
- Article
- A novel C-terminal region within the multicargo type III secretion chaperone CesT contributes to effector secretion.Journal of bacteriology · 2013Article
- Expanded roles for multicargo and class 1B effector chaperones in type III secretion.Journal of bacteriology · 2012Review
- Shigella flexneri effectors OspE1 and OspE2 mediate induced adherence to the colonic epithelium following bile salts exposure.Molecular microbiology · 2012Article
- Protein export according to schedule: architecture, assembly, and regulation of type III secretion systems from plant- and animal-pathogenic bacteria.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2012Review
- Chromosomal and plasmid-encoded factors of Shigella flexneri induce secretogenic activity ex vivo.PloS one · 2012Article
- Cell death and infection: a double-edged sword for host and pathogen survival.The Journal of cell biology · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Shigella flexneri is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that invades the colonic epithelium and causes bacillary dysentery. We previously demonstrated that S. flexneri inhibits staurosporine-induced apoptosis in infected epithelial cells and that a DeltamxiE mutant is unable to inhibit apoptosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that an MxiE-regulated gene was responsible for protection of epithelial cells from apoptosis. Analysis of all MxiE-regulated genes yielded no mutants that lacked the ability to prevent apoptosis. Spa15, which is defined as a type III secretion system chaperone, was analyzed since it associates with MxiE. A Deltaspa15 mutant was unable to prevent staurosporine-induced apoptosis. C-terminal hemagglutinin-tagged spa15 was secreted by S. flexneri within 2 h in the Congo red secretion assay, and secretion was dependent on the type III secretion system. Spa15 was also secreted by Shigella in infected epithelial cells, as verified by immunofluorescence analysis. Spa15 secretion was decreased in the DeltamxiE mutant, which demonstrates why this mutant is unable to prevent staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Our data are the first to show that Spa15 is secreted in a type III secretion system-dependent fashion, and the absence of Spa15 in the Deltaspa15 mutant results in the loss of protection from staurosporine-induced apoptosis in epithelial cells. Thus, Spa15 contributes to the intracellular survival of Shigella by blocking apoptosis in the infected host cell.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.