ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
XMRV is present in malignant prostatic epithelium and is associated with prostate cancer, especially high-grade tumors.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 162 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 274 citations in OpenAlex.
- RNASEL Asp541Glu and Arg462Gln polymorphisms in prostate cancer risk: evidences from a meta-analysis.Molecular biology reports · 2012Pooled it
- Male circumcision and prostate cancer: A geographical analysis, meta-analysis, and cost analysis.Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2020Review
- Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer.World journal of oncology · 2019Review
- If this is true, what does it imply? How end-user antibody validation facilitates insights into biology and disease.Asian journal of urology · 2019Review
- Ductal variant of prostate adenocarcinoma harbor Xenotropic murine leukemia virus related virus (XMRV) infection: a novel finding in subtype of prostate cancer.Turkish journal of urology · 2017Article
- Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus (XMRV) and the Safety of the Blood Supply.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2016Review
- A survey of endogenous retrovirus (ERV) sequences in the vicinity of multiple sclerosis (MS)-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).Molecular biology reports · 2016Article
- Viral Outbreak in Corals Associated with an In Situ Bleaching Event: Atypical Herpes-Like Viruses and a New Megavirus Infecting Symbiodinium.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
- Strategies for Human Tumor Virus Discoveries: From Microscopic Observation to Digital Transcriptome Subtraction.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Review
- Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus and RNase L R462Q Variants in Iranian Patients With Sporadic Prostate Cancer.Iranian Red Crescent medical journal · 2015Article
- Epidemiology of cancers of infectious origin and prevention strategies.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2015Review
- Article
- Prevention of contamination by xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus: susceptibility to alcohol-based disinfectants and environmental stability.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Article
- The saga of XMRV: a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2014Review
- Generation of multiple replication-competent retroviruses through recombination between PreXMRV-1 and PreXMRV-2.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Virome genomics: a tool for defining the human virome.Current opinion in microbiology · 2013Review
- Structural analysis of monomeric retroviral reverse transcriptase in complex with an RNA/DNA hybrid.Nucleic acids research · 2013Article
- No detection of the retrovirus xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus in individuals with hemophilia.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2013Article
- No association between XMRV or related gammaretroviruses in Australian prostate cancer patients.Virology journal · 2013Article
- Utilization of replication-competent XMRV reporter-viruses reveals severe viral restriction in primary human cells.PloS one · 2013Article
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2014-08-11Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions · · BA 07/11/17
- Commented on by
- Retracted
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was recently discovered in human prostate cancers and is the first gammaretrovirus known to infect humans. While gammaretroviruses have well-characterized oncogenic effects in animals, they have not been shown to cause human cancers. We provide experimental evidence that XMRV is indeed a gammaretrovirus with protein composition and particle ultrastructure highly similar to Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV), another gammaretrovirus. We analyzed 334 consecutive prostate resection specimens, using a quantitative PCR assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with an anti-XMRV specific antiserum. We found XMRV DNA in 6% and XMRV protein expression in 23% of prostate cancers. XMRV proteins were expressed primarily in malignant epithelial cells, suggesting that retroviral infection may be directly linked to tumorigenesis. XMRV infection was associated with prostate cancer, especially higher-grade cancers. We found XMRV infection to be independent of a common polymorphism in the RNASEL gene, unlike results previously reported. This finding increases the population at risk for XMRV infection from only those homozygous for the RNASEL variant to all individuals. Our observations provide evidence for an association of XMRV with malignant cells and with more aggressive tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.